Description du projet
Le mécanisme de circulation de l’information à travers le cerveau
Les neurones du cerveau forment des assemblages neuronaux, des structures fonctionnelles plus grandes qui communiquent pour fournir un flux d’informations et générer un comportement moteur et une fonction cognitive. Cependant, le mécanisme précis suivant lequel l’information circule dans les assemblages neuronaux du cerveau reste insaisissable. Le projet BrainInformationFlow, financé par l’UE, utilisera la larve de poisson zèbre comme modèle expérimental pour étudier la dynamique du cerveau dans son ensemble. Les chercheurs utiliseront l’optogénétique et la microscopie pour dévoiler la structure et l’organisation de la connectivité cérébrale. L’accent sera mis sur la robustesse des circuits cérébraux et les mécanismes de compensation en cas d’interruption du flux d’informations. Les résultats du projet pourront potentiellement révéler des connaissances importantes sur les mécanismes pathologiques sous-jacents aux maladies neurologiques.
Objectif
How information is processed and flows through the brain to generate motor behaviours and cognitive functions is a paramount question in neurosciences. Donald Hebb proposed that individual neurons cooperate to form larger functional structures (neuronal assemblies) that communicate between them through phase sequences. Recent experiments support the existence of assemblies but how does the information flow between these neuronal assemblies, across the entire brain, remains elusive.
I propose to use the zebrafish larva as the experimental model that in combination with optogenetics and light-sheet microscopy, enables monitoring whole-brain dynamics, with single-neuron resolution in an intact behaving vertebrate. Taking advantage of a multidisciplinary approach involving cutting-edge optical techniques, genetics, optogenetics, and mathematical methods from graph theory and statistical mutual information, I intend to shed light on basic principles underlying the flow of information across the entire brain. Specifically, I will study the following aims:
* Description of the connectivity structure and organization across the whole brain.
* Testing the existence of bottlenecks and surrogate connectivity between neuronal assemblies.
* Network connectivity robustness: circuit and physiological compensations following flow of information interruption.
In recent years, zebrafish became an important model for human diseases (e.g. Parkinson's, Rett's syndrome, or autism). Thus, my findings may contribute to the understanding of information flow anomalies associated with neurological disorders, and therefore open new doors for the design of novel treatments, still impossible to envision using more complex animal models.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF-EF-ST - Standard EFCoordinateur
75230 Paris
France