The study set out to investigate the mechanisms of intergenerational violence transmission, the effects of multiple violence experience on health outcomes, victimisation and perpetration and to investigate structural risk factors and protective interventions and policies for violence transmission through a) a longitudinal quantitative survey of men and women, b) a quantitative three-generational survey including the longitudinal dataset of young men and women, the oldest child in their care and their former primary caregiver, c) in-depth qualitative interviews with family members across three generations, and d) a second in-depth interview with family members across three generations.
The study has completed the following activities for each component:
a) Out of the planned 1665 young men and women who participated in the wave 1 and wave 2 interviews, 1190 have been traced (602 in urban site/ 537 in rural site). In total 719 young men and women have been interviewed for a third time. In total 32 young adults thus far have refused participation and 21 have passed away.
b) Out of 200eligible children thus far, 122 have been interviewed. One child refused, 36 young adults refused for their child to be interviewed, and 12 eligible children have passed away. Out of 557 eligible former primary caregivers thus far, 349 have been interviewed. In total, 90 young adults refused for their former primary caregiver to be contacted, 29 caregivers refused to participate, and 82 former primary caregivers have passed away.
c) Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 families, including 22 young adults, 11 children and 13 former primary caregivers (n = 46). Ongoing analyses are looking at a) intersections of violence, mental health and HIV on parenting, b) risks for intergenerational violence transmission across generations, c) protective factors against violence transmission across generations among violence exposed participants.
d) Plans for the follow-up interviews with 15 families will be finalised once the first stage of the qualitative interviews has been completed.
In addition, we conducted an in-depth pilot study July to October 2021 to investigate the feasibility of participant recruitment, consent, and interviewing; length and burden of the study questionnaires; appropriateness and acceptability of the measures used; and young children’s (age 4–7) ability to comprehend the measures and participate meaningfully in interviews asking about violence.
The project has also reached the final write up stage for two realist reviews, one on the underlying mechanisms of the intergenerational transmission of violence victimisation and one on violence perpetration. Findings have been presented at the ISPCAN 2022 congress, by the PI and research fellow.
