Project description DEENESFRITPL Imaging of HIV cell entry to aid vaccine design The recent discovery of neutralising antibodies against HIV-1 has rekindled vaccine efforts. To aid rational vaccine design, scientists of the EU-funded FUSION project aim to understand the mechanism underlying target recognition and characterise polyclonal antibody responses. For this purpose, they will employ state-of-the-art time-resolved imaging techniques to visualise HIV-1 fusion on the surface of living cells and decipher the mechanism by which different neutralising antibodies disrupt this fusion, which is conserved amongst different HIV strains. By unveiling key virus–host cell interactions at the molecular level, FUSION will pave the way for the design of novel drugs and vaccines. Show the project objective Hide the project objective Objective The HIV-1 vaccine research has re-emerged in the last few years due to the identification of antibodies that neutralize most HIV-1 circulating strains. A deeper understanding of the mechanistic mode of target recognition for these antibodies represents a big hope in the field. This project aims at understanding and characterizing polyclonal antibody responses to aid rational vaccine design via radically new technologies on light microscopy. The molecular mechanism of time-resolved HIV-1 fusion will be visualized and quantified on the surface of living cells by combining real-time single virus tracking, fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy and 3D single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) imaging. The implementation of a new technology that allows three-dimensional nanometre localization of single particles will allow us to multiplex single molecule experiments with functional readouts for single-virus HIV-1 fusion simultaneously. Here, I will systematically establish the mechanism of action of different families of neutralizing antibodies and how they disrupt the three-step HIV fusion reaction, conserved among different HIV tropism, recently discovered by our group. I will unveil the molecular insights on the precise Env-induced, time-resolved stoichiometry of CD4 and co-receptors (CCR5 or CXCR4) in the presence and absence of different combinations of bNAbs and study their impact on HIV transmission. FUSION will open new avenues to design putative drugs that target host-specific receptor and co-receptor oligomeric states to block HIV-1 fusion. This project systematically applies cutting-edge time-resolved imaging approaches as a gold standard to ascertain how different combinations of bNAbs perturb the HIV fusion mechanism in CD4+ T cells and macrophages. I will establish a world-class laboratory in HIV-1 and single molecule microscopy. I will decipher several key virus–host cell interactions at molecular level and contribute to rational vaccine and drug desig Fields of science natural sciencesbiological sciencesmicrobiologyvirologynatural sciencesphysical sciencesopticsmicroscopymedical and health scienceshealth sciencesinfectious diseasesRNA virusesHIVmedical and health sciencesbasic medicinepharmacology and pharmacypharmaceutical drugsvaccinesnatural sciencesphysical sciencesopticsspectroscopy Keywords Single Molecule Fluorescence Number and Brightness Single Virus Tracking Super Resolution Light Microscopy HIV-1 fusion Membrane fusion mechanism Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Live cell Imaging Programme(s) H2020-EU.1.1. - EXCELLENT SCIENCE - European Research Council (ERC) Main Programme Topic(s) ERC-2019-COG - ERC Consolidator Grant Call for proposal ERC-2019-COG See other projects for this call Funding Scheme ERC-COG - Consolidator Grant Coordinator KING'S COLLEGE LONDON Net EU contribution € 2 280 390,00 Address Strand WC2R 2LS London United Kingdom See on map Region London Inner London — West Westminster Activity type Higher or Secondary Education Establishments Links Contact the organisation Opens in new window Website Opens in new window Participation in EU R&I programmes Opens in new window HORIZON collaboration network Opens in new window Other funding € 0,00 Beneficiaries (1) Sort alphabetically Sort by Net EU contribution Expand all Collapse all KING'S COLLEGE LONDON United Kingdom Net EU contribution € 2 280 390,00 Address Strand WC2R 2LS London See on map Region London Inner London — West Westminster Activity type Higher or Secondary Education Establishments Links Contact the organisation Opens in new window Website Opens in new window Participation in EU R&I programmes Opens in new window HORIZON collaboration network Opens in new window Other funding € 0,00
