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From the sky to the sea: genomic insights into the evolution, diversification and adaptation of modern penguins

Project description

Exploring comparative evolution with the help of penguins

Penguins have evolved from flying seabirds to flightless marine creatures, and they are very sensitive to climate and environmental change. Therefore, they represent a great opportunity for scientists to study comparative evolution, biogeography, adaptation and demography. The EU-funded GENEDAMP project aims to explore comparative evolution and adaptation across all penguin species by using full genome data. Within this scope, it will span 27 modern penguin lineages (including all extant and recently extinct taxa). The project is expected to provide revolutionary insights into three key aspects of penguin evolutionary history: drivers of diversification and biogeography, genomic adaptations to diverse environments and climate driven demography.

Objective

Penguins are a diverse order of Southern Hemisphere seabirds, with breeding ranges spanning from the tropical Galápagos Islands to the sea-ice around Antarctica. Sharing a common ancestor with Procellariiformes, penguins transitioned about 60 million years ago from flying seabirds to powerful, flightless marine divers. They have subsequently evolved many unique adaptations for an aquatic environment, including densely-packed waterproof and insulating feathers, visual sensitivity, dense bones, stiff wing joints and an enhanced thermoregulation system. Lineage-specific adaptations have also evolved, and include different body size, breeding strategies, bill morphologies and plumage. This unique evolutionary history, together with their high sensitivity to climate and environmental change, make penguins an excellent group for studying comparative evolution, biogeography, adaptation and demography. However, this has proven challenging. For example, several studies have attempted to pinpoint the timing, and thereby the drivers of recent speciation events and biogeography, morphological/physiological adaptations and historical demographic trends in penguins, yet no consensus has been reached. Most studies have been limited by the genetic markers available (short mitochondrial or nuclear sequences, mitochondrial genomes, single nucleotide polymorphisms), or have been biased towards primarily Antarctic species. To finally resolve such questions, it is necessary to explore comparative evolution and adaptation across all penguin species using full genome data. This project will achieve this through analysing a new set of high-coverage genomes spanning 27 modern penguin lineages (including all extant and recently extinct taxa). In doing so, we will provide revolutionary insights into three key aspects of penguin evolutionary history: 1) drivers of diversification and biogeography; 2) genomic adaptations to diverse environments; and 3) climate driven demography.

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Coordinator

KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET
Net EU contribution
€ 219 312,00
Address
NORREGADE 10
1165 Kobenhavn
Denmark

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Region
Danmark Hovedstaden Byen København
Activity type
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Links
Total cost
€ 219 312,00