Origin and maintenance of biodiversity: An ecological, evolutionary and developmental theory of organisms’ interactions

Informations projet

EcoEvoDevoNetwork

N° de convention de subvention: 898687

DOI

10.3030/898687

Projet clôturé

Date de signature de la CE 23 Mars 2020

Date de début 1 Juin 2021

Date de fin 1 Novembre 2023

Financé au titre de

• EXCELLENT SCIENCE - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions

Coût total

€ 191 149,44

Contribution de l’UE

€ 191 149,44

Coordonné par

EIDGENOESSISCHE ANSTALT FUER WASSERVERSORGUNG ABWASSERREINIGUNG UND GEWAESSERSCHUTZ
Switzerland

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - EcoEvoDevoNetwork (Origin and maintenance of biodiversity: An ecological, evolutionary and developmental theory of organisms’ interactions)

Période du rapport: 2021-06-01 au 2023-05-31

Résumé du contexte et des objectifs généraux du projet

Ecological diversification is thought to have given rise to much of the diversity of life on earth. This process, in which a single ancestral population diversifies into ecologically different species that exploit a variety of niches, has produced several diverse adaptive radiations including Darwin's finches, Caribbean anole lizards, and cichlid fishes. To understand the origin of biodiversity, it is therefore fundamental to identify the factors facilitating or constraining ecological diversification. ECO-EVO-DEVO-NETWORK seeks to advance our understanding about how ecological interactions and developmental processes affect ecological diversification. Specifically, it addressed this question in three different contexts: the emergence of predator-prey interactions, the occurrence of alternative reproductive modes, and natural individual variability in mortality.

Travail effectué depuis le début du projet jusqu’à la fin de la période considérée dans le rapport et principaux résultats atteints jusqu’à présent

ECO-EVO-DEVO-NETWORK investigated how ecological interactions and developmental processes affect ecological diversification. Specifically, it addressed this question in three different contexts: First, it studied the impact of emerging prey-predator interactions on adaptive radiations, finding that the emergence of predators hinders the diversification process. Second, it examined how alternative reproductive mechanisms by altering intraspecific competition affect the rate of evolution in adaptive radiations. Our results show that intrinsic differences among reproductive mechanisms enable a faster diversification in sexual lineages than in asexual ones; as a result, sexual lineages are expected to be more diverse. Third, this project, by investigating the effects of individual variability in mortality, found that commonly observed differences in mortality between juveniles and adults can facilitate adaptive diversification.

Progrès au-delà de l’état des connaissances et impact potentiel prévu (y compris l’impact socio-économique et les conséquences sociétales plus larges du projet jusqu’à présent)

ECO-EVO-DEVO-NETWORK has expanded our knowledge about the processes that contribute to the origin of biodiversity in several ways. First, it shows that, contrary to previously hypothesized, the emergence of predators in a radiating clade does not increase diversity but it can in fact reduce it. Second, it contributes a previously lacking macroevolutionary perspective to the problem of why a larger number of eukaryotic species reproduce sexually relative to those that reproduce only asexually, despite the multiple costs of sexual reproduction. Third, this work was among the first to provide insights into how diversification may be facilitated by developmental changes in ecology, e.g. changes in survival, competitive ability, and diet throughout ontogeny. This opens the scope to a novel research line on adaptive diversification that integrates ecology and life history evolution.
In sum, the results of this project provide novel insights into the factors affecting the origin of biodiversity, which is essential for humans as it is critical for food, feed, medicines, fuel, pollination, clean air and many more resources and services required for human existence and well-being.