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APEX developed and tested advanced semiconductor-based photonic integrated circuits (PICs): an 8-wavelength cross-connect, a 4-channel multi-wavelength laser and a 4-channel multi-wavelength receiver, as well as phase-scrambling technique that will lead to a considerable reduction of cross-talk requirements on advanced components and a small cross-connect test bed for testing the advanced devices and the phase-scrambling algorithm.
Transparent photonic networks impose high cross-talk requirements on the components used. However, the compact integrated devices that can provide the cost-effective functionality required in these networks usually suffer from relatively high cross-talk figures.
APEX bridges the gap between current system requirements on component cross-talk and present state-of-the-art performance of advanced integrated devices. After research into improved advanced Photonic Integrated Circuits and a novel cross-talk reducing scrambling method, APEX tested an experimental cross-connect test bed that will support different bit rates.
APEX has produced a host of experimental and theoretical information on the performance of cross-connected optical networks and advanced photonic devices. Both are considered to be important for directing and accelerating research on the photonic network layer, and for strengthening the position of the European industry in the development of the next generation of photonic components and network equipment.
Project URL : http://www.intec.rug.ac.be/Research/Projects/horizon/projects/apex/apex.htm
A four channel integrated InP multiwavelength receiver, including electrical amplifiers, temperature stabilisation, packaging and pigtailing in a complete receiver module has been realized. The receiver module is capable of demultiplexing and detecting three 622 Mbit/s channels at 1547.8 nm, 1551 nm and 1567 nm at 15°C.
We demonstrated a novel concept for a polarization independent Semiconductor Optical Amplifier using a composite InAsP/InGaAs/InAsP quantum well for providing TM gain up to 1625 nm. Together with a conventional compressively strained InGaAs quantum well for TE gain, a polarization independent optical amplifier can be fabricated..
We have realised a multi-wavelength multi-bitrate fibre-optic test bed to test optical integrated cross-connect chips with respect to the system behaviour in general and the cross-talk performance in particular.
By a number of dedicated system experiments in combination with analytical calculations and simulations we have assessed the performance implications in optical systems introduced by phase scrambling. Although Phase scrambling will introduce an additional dispersion penalty, still relative in-band cross-talk levels of -16 dB can be tolerated at 2.5 Gbit/s@1550 nm over a transmission distance comprising 200 km SMF with a tolerable penalty.
We demonstrated an integration technology for growing active semiconductor structures and in particular Semiconductor Optical Amplifier structures within passive waveguides using Selective-Area Chemical beam Epitaxy.
A four-channel multi-wavelength transmitter based on the integration of an amplifier array and a Phased-Array demultiplexer (Phased-Array Laser or PAL) was realised using a hybrid integration technology. Such a laser allows for the simultaneous emission of several wavelength channels via a common output waveguide whereby each wavelength channel may be modulated individually. Multiwavelength lasers can replace a whole array of discrete single-channel lasers or can be used as wavelength selectable lasers, e.g. at reconfigurable add-drop nodes.
By using a relatively simple phase modulation scheme we have demonstrated a significant performance improvement of optical channels, contaminated with a considerable level of in-band optical cross-talk
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