Objetivo
- Investigation of the effects of sludge amendment to soil on pesticide transport affected by sludge-derivated detergents, organic matter and dissolved organic matter;
- Influence of organic matter, dissolved organic matter and incubation of amended soils on adsorption and desorption of pesticides (Atrazine, Simazine, Terbuylazine and Ametryne);
- Influence of sludge amendment to soil on heavy metal content and degradation of pesticides (Atrazine), PAHs (polyaromatic hydrocarbons), PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls), OCP (organochlorine pesticides) and detergents (LAS = linear alkyl benzenesulfonate and homologues and Nonylphenol);
- Influence on sludge amendment to soil on growth yield and soil properties.
Expected Outcome
- General information about the use and the effects of sewage sludge on agricultural soils under the studied conditions;
- Information about the contamination level of pollutants in sewage sludge in Mediterranean countries;
- First opinions about recommendations for regulating the use on agricultural lands under the studied conditions.
Results
Laboratory experiments show :
- In a compost and sewage sludge amended clay rich soil sample the triazine herbicides (Atrazine, Simazine, Ametryne and Terbutylazin) will be adsorbed a little bit stronger comparing to an organic matter poor and sandy rich soil. Sludge or compost added to soil increasing sorption to soil solids only moderate for Atrazine, Simazine and Ametryne but for Terbutylazin remarkably.
- Increased sorption for Atrazine, Simazine, Ametryne and Terbutylazine was relatively greater on an initially organic matter poor soil after sludge treatment than on an organic matter rich soil.
- After a year long incubation, sorption of Atrazine, Simazine, Ametryne and Terbutylazin was still greater to amended soils than to non-amended soils.
- Transport of herbicides was retarded by sludge or compost amendment in soil columns. Break- through studies with un-amended loess:sand columns show that Simazine, Atrazine Ametryne and Terbutylazine will be retarded by retardation factor of 1.07 1.13 1.22 and 1.41 comparing to retardation factor of 1.69 1.63 2.26 and 3.43 in a compost amended loess:sand column. Where as in the sludge amended loess:sand column retardation factor of 1.74 1.78 2.54 and 4.10 were obtained.
- Complexation of the herbicides with dissolved organic carbon derived from the sludge or compost didn't affect triazines transport.
- Microcosms' studies show that degradation of triazines in sludge amended soils was greater than in non amended soils.
Field experiments show :
- Heavy metal
- Single application of sewage sludge (2 and 8 ton/acre) had no accumulation effect of heavy metals in soil (a sandy gypsum soil in EL Nobaria, Egypt, and a clay-rich Vertisol in Kafre El Sheikh, Egypt) and plants (wheat and maize);
- Most of the heavy metals were concentrated in both locations in the surface layer.
- Organic compounds
- Single sewage sludge application (2 and 8 ton/acre) caused no accumulation of PAHs, PCBs and OCPs in the soil in both locations;
- It cannot ruled out that leaching of PAHs to the 20 - 50 cm soil layers is promoted by sewage sludge application caused by dissolved organic matter;
- LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) was degraded by the half after 8 tonnes of sewage sludge/acre with an initial concentration of 12 mg/kg in Kafre El Sheikh and 9 mg/kg in El Nobaria during 10 and 14 days;
- In the clay-rich Kafre El Sheikh soil 8 % of the applied LAS was present at the end of the field trial in the form of bound residues. In the sandy soil bound residues could not be obtained;
- At both test sites LAS was leached into deeper soil layers;
- Nonylphenol will be quickly degraded, its half life was one week in Kafre El Sheikh and 16 days in El Nobaria;
- Nonylphenol leached out in both test sites from the surface layer into the next deeper soil layer.
- Atrazine
- Atrazine concentrations in Kafre El Sheikh and El Nobaria were reduced from initial concentrations of 3,5 and 5 mg/kg at the beginning of the field trial to 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg at the end (112 and 126 days) by degradation;
- 50% degradation of atrazine was observed in Kafre El Sheikh within 2 weeks, in El Nobaria within 10 days;
- Atrazine will be leached to deeper soil layers at both test sites. Compare to the non treated test sites leaching were promoted by sewage sludge application on the amended sites.
- Plant growth
- Application of sewage sludge resulted higher crop yields of wheat and corn in both locations;
- Sewage sludge application had a positive influence on soil nutrient status and soil properties.
- Sorption studies under laboratory conditions with triacine herbicides (Ametryne, Atrazine, Simazine Terbutylazine) with samples from an Egyptian clay soil and Israelian loess soil, sewage sludge and compost;
- Breakthrough studies under laboratory conditions with Ametryne, Atrazine and Terbutylazine with compost and sewage sludge amended fine sand and loess:fine sand columns;
- Breakthrough studies under laboratory conditions with triacine herbicides (Ametryne, Atrazine, Terbutylazine) with amended soils: Fresh versus incubated systems;
- Movement of Terbutylazine in test microcosms;
- Atrazine degradation under laboratory conditions in sludge amended soils;
- Field experiments in Egypt (a sandy Gypsum Soil and a Vertisol) to investigate the effects on sludge- amendment to soil on crop production and soil properties;
- Field experiments in Egypt (a sandy Gypsum Soil and a Vertisol) to investigate degradation and movement of Atrazine, LAS including homologues and Nonylphenol after sewage sludge amendment;
- Field experiments in Egypt (a sandy Gypsum Soil and a clay rich Vertisol) to investigate the influence of sludge amendment on the heavy metal content;
- Influence of sewage sludge amendment on PAH (poly aromatic hydrocarbons), PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) or OCP (organochlorine pesticides) content in soil.
Ámbito científico (EuroSciVoc)
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CORDIS clasifica los proyectos con EuroSciVoc, una taxonomía plurilingüe de ámbitos científicos, mediante un proceso semiautomático basado en técnicas de procesamiento del lenguaje natural. Véas: El vocabulario científico europeo..
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Alemania
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