Objective
The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU), since its inception in 1925, has had as its principal objective the development of internationally acceptable recommendations in terms of:
quantities and units of radiation and radioactivity;
procedures suitable for the measurement and application of these quantities in radiation protection as well as in clinical radiology and radiobiology;
physical data needed in the application of these procedures, the use of which tends to assure uniformity in reporting.
Drafting work has been completed on 4 International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) reports. A report on supplemental information on tissue substitutes in radiation dosimetry and measurement provides specific information on representative sets of tissues that illustrate the effects of tissue composition variation on the pertinent radiation interaction quantities. It includes photon, electron, proton and neutron interaction data for body tissues, covering the age interval from foetus to adult.
A second report on measurement of dose equivalent emphasizes principles of measurement, characterization of instruments, calibration and the impact of the new operational quantities on the design of future instruments.
A third report is on phantoms used in therapy, diagnosis and protection involving ionizing radiation. It emphasizes organ and body masses and geometries to meet the need for human anatomical data in the development of phantoms and computational models. The influence of age, sex and ethnic origins on human anatomy is treated. Existing types of phantoms and computational models used with photons, electrons, protons and neutrons are reviewed. The specifications of phantoms and computational models are provided.
The fourth report is concerned with stopping powers and ranges for protons and alpha particles. It includes discussions of the stopping power formula and corrections, electronic (collision) stopping powers, nuclear stopping powers, comparison of tabulated and experimental stopping powers, energy loss straggling and methods for stopping power measurements. The report tabulates: electronic, nuclear and total stopping powers; ranges; and detour factors.
Work continued on other projects aimed at the preparation of reports such as: absorbed dose standards for photon irradiation and their dissemination; stopping powers for heavy ions; fundamentals of particle counting applied to radioactivity measurements; in situ gamma spectrometr y in the environment; and secondary electron spectra resulting from charged particle interactions.
The ICRU considers and makes recommendations on quantities, units and measurement techniques appropriate for the field of radiation protection. In this connection, its work is carried out in close cooperation with the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Also, it should be noted that much of the ICRU's work in the field of clinical radiology is conceived to lead to a direct and considerable dose reduction for the patient.
The ICRU endeavours to collect and evaluate the most recent data and information pertinent to the problems of radiation measurement and dosimetry and to recommend the most acceptable values for current use.
The Commission's recommendations are kept under continuous review in order to keep abreast of the rapidly expanding uses of radiation and to provide answers to urgent questions.
The programme of the ICRU is regularly adapted to meet newly identified needs. However, the work is illustrated by the following examples of topics on which work is currently underway:
measurement of dose equivalent;
phantoms for protection, therapy, and diagnosis;
absorbed dose standards for photon irradiation and their dissemination;
stopping powers for heavy ions;
fundamental quantities and units.
Recently released is ICRU Report Number 45, Clinical Neutron Dosimetry, Part I: Determination of Absorbed Dose in a Patient Treated by External Beams of Fast Neutrons.
New work has been initiated on clinical neutron dosimetry (specification of radiation quality), hyperthermia, in situ gamma spectrometry in the environment and proton therapy.
Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
- medical and health sciences basic medicine anatomy and morphology
- natural sciences physical sciences nuclear physics
- medical and health sciences clinical medicine radiology
- natural sciences mathematics pure mathematics geometry
- natural sciences physical sciences theoretical physics particle physics photons
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Programme(s)
Multi-annual funding programmes that define the EU’s priorities for research and innovation.
Multi-annual funding programmes that define the EU’s priorities for research and innovation.
Topic(s)
Calls for proposals are divided into topics. A topic defines a specific subject or area for which applicants can submit proposals. The description of a topic comprises its specific scope and the expected impact of the funded project.
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Calls for proposals are divided into topics. A topic defines a specific subject or area for which applicants can submit proposals. The description of a topic comprises its specific scope and the expected impact of the funded project.
Call for proposal
Procedure for inviting applicants to submit project proposals, with the aim of receiving EU funding.
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Procedure for inviting applicants to submit project proposals, with the aim of receiving EU funding.
Funding Scheme
Funding scheme (or “Type of Action”) inside a programme with common features. It specifies: the scope of what is funded; the reimbursement rate; specific evaluation criteria to qualify for funding; and the use of simplified forms of costs like lump sums.
Funding scheme (or “Type of Action”) inside a programme with common features. It specifies: the scope of what is funded; the reimbursement rate; specific evaluation criteria to qualify for funding; and the use of simplified forms of costs like lump sums.
Coordinator
The total costs incurred by this organisation to participate in the project, including direct and indirect costs. This amount is a subset of the overall project budget.