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Rail and light railway transportation systems have constantly proved to be one of the safest forms of travel in terms of injuries per passenger miles. This is partially due to the safety recommendations made after each rail crash. Such recommendations result from accident investigators assessment of the source of injury and remedying the cause. It is proposed to develop a rail crash investigation tool (RCIT) incorporating the main 6 modules of:
an interactive menu driven preprocessor to set up and modify data files;
a database of typical generic models of rail wagons from which a model can be extracted and appropriately modified;
a database of past accidents to which each new accident is added;
a structural analysis module with the ability to dynamically model a train by a number of beams and lumped masses;
an occupant simulation program capable of modelling passengers within seats in a compartment;
a postprocessing module to interrogate the analysis in numerical or graphical form.
A review of train accidents was made to establish their conditions and consequences. Through the project, both the qualitative and quantitative behaviour, which would be requested from the structures for passenger cars, has been elaborated. Based on this approach the following tools were developed:
Advanced formulation in the area of dynamic analysis of mechanical systems applied to impact problems and crashworthiness design of railcar structures;
design sensitivity analysis of linear and non linear structures. The module developed within the project is interfaced with 2 commercial finite element codes as an add-on capability to replace currently available design practises based on trial and error by providing systematic design information to guide decisions;
static crush tests and dynamic crash tests to validate the results obtained with the models;
passenger injury assessment, a computer code and a model to investigate and analyse the kinematics response and the related injury parameter of an occupant under impact conditions;
fail-safe design of car-body extremities, based on the available experimental results and the experience and main conclusions obtained from the analysis effort.
The computer tools have considerably reduced the time for preparing the calculation models but additional work to improve the speed is still required. The results obtained have shown a good correlation with calculations and have entailed the use of simplified models.
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