Objective
The aim of the project is to verify the technical and economical value of a single stage absorption heat pump using improved and advanced components such as plate heat exchangers, rectifier column, solution pump. This will be achieved through construction and field test of 6 units, representing pre-commercial prototypes. The heat pump will be applied in air conditioning systems (heating and cooling), and hot water production.
Main innovative aspects are :
- Reduction of dimensions and weight compared with similar machines, obtained by means of compact heat exchangers, made by flat plates with an interposed grid (Tecno-system patent);
- Higher efficiency than standard single stage water/ammonia heat pump, obtained by means of a rectifier column which is made with a special design plates, where liquid/vapour exchange is enhanced;
- New generator indirectly heated by a special mixture which supplies, during phase change, heat to water/ammonia solution at constant temperature. This technical solution allows the use of standard, low cost and safe gas generator, without flame in direct contact with water/ammonia solution;
- Heating and cooling capability obtained by means of a special design multiway valve, which permits the service fluid to be sent hot or cold to users.
The last phase "Fiel Tests" of the project have been carried out of the contractual time (after 30/09/96) due to some technical difficulties in connecting the heat pumps to the standard heat-conditioning plant. The field tests started on January 97 and ended on April 97 and therefore it was possible to test the machines in winter conditions while heating a building owned by Merloni Termosanitari in Fabriano (IT). The experimental results gave an average measured PER (Primary Energy Ratio) of about 1.2 with an external average temperature of 9.9 °C, which was considered quite satisfactory. As a result, after the end of the field tests, a new development program aimed to construct absorption reversible machines for residential purposes, 7 kW of chilling power rating, is going to start in the next future. The participants of the new program are the same of the previous one with the addition of other two companies distributing natural gas and perhaps other manufacturing companies.
The present project derives from a small scale prototype made in ENEA (8 kW generator power) whose performances are verified by tests, and that has shown the technical viability. The project will be performed by ENEA, which is a Sate own Energy Agency, Merloni Termosanitari (MTS), which is the largest European manufacturer of electric and gas water boilers, and ITALGAS, the main gas distribution utility in non commercial sector, in Italy.
Absorption Heat Pump (PCA) project. ENEA, as know-how holder, will make process design and provide MTS with a design manual, to make the partner able to realise PCA mechanical sizing.
Advanced components development. Techno-System, as plate-grid heat exchanger patent holder will construct the hermetic heat exchangers, using ENEA indication, and will provide all the exchangers for prototypes. OBL, as solution pump constructor, will made the three "scaled-up" solution pumps, and will construct them.
Prototype realisation. MTS, with ENEA collaboration will construct the components and the six prototypes, with special aim to define safety and low cost components and production processes.
Experimental tests. Each partner will make the prototype setting-up, and will test it for energy performances. ENEA will help the partners in this activity and will provide one prototype instrumentation to verify PCA thermodynamic performance. These tests, made by all partners, will be necessary to verify system and PCA components reliability. These results, moreover, will let partners evaluate PCA seasonal performances in real operation.
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Coordinator
00100 Roma
Italy
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