Objective
THE RECOVERY OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE HEAT BETWEEN 200 DEGREES C AND 400 DEGREES C WITH AN ORC ENGINE CYCLE WAS STUDIED BOTH THEORETICALLY AND EXPERIMENTALLY. THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO IDENTIFY AND SPECIFY THE PROPERTIES OF WORKING FLUIDS WHICH ARE, AT THESE TEMPERATURES, CHEMICALLY STABLE AND WHICH ARE CHEAP ENOUGH TO MAKE THE ORC ENGINE ECONOMICALLY ATTRACTIVE.
USING TEST FACILITIES WHICH EXIST AT M.B.B. REALISTIC DYNAMIC TESTS HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT TO INVESTIGATE THE CHEMICAL STABILITY OF WORKING FLUIDS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE AND TO COMPARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPONENTS.
THE RESULTS OF THE TESTS INDICATED THAT : SCREW EXPANDERS CAN BE USED UP TO ABOUT 100 KW WITH R114 CONTAINING 5 % LUBRICANT AND UP TO 190 DEGREES C (IF A DEGRADATION OF 25 % IS ALLOWED WITHIN ONE YEAR); FOR HIGHER TEMPERATURES, TURBINES IN CONNECTION WITH TOLUENE ARE ADVANTAGEOUS, SINCE THEY ALLOW THE SUBSEQUENT SEPARATION OF THE WORKING FLUID TO THE LUBRICANT (UP TO 250 DEGREES C WITH 5 % LUBRICANT; UP TO 400 DEGREES C WITHOUT LUBRICANT); FOR PERFORMANCES HIGHER THAN 100 KW, TURBINES WITH R114 AND TOLUENE ARE RECOMMENDED.
THE USE OF WATER IS POSSIBLE FROM ABOUT 300 DEGREES C UPWARDS. FLUORINOL 85 DOES NOT PRESENT THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY ADVANTAGES COMPARED TO TOLUENE. IT HAS ALSO TOXICITY AND COST DISADVANTAGES COMPARED TO TOLUENE. IT WAS THEREFORE NOT RECOMMENDED AS A WORKING FLUID.
A COST SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS WAS MADE FOR SIX ORC PLANTS DIFFERING IN THE WORKING FLUID (FLUORINOL 85, TOLUENE, R114), THE NUMBER OF EXPANSION STAGES OF THE TURBINE, THE SUPPLEMENT OR NOT WITH A RECUPERATOR, THE EFFICIENCY (10.9 % TO 27.5 %) AND THE ENERGY RECOVERING RATE (696 TO 1760 KWEL). THE PAYBACK PERIOD FOR THESE PLANTS WAS CALCULATED TO BE BETWEEN 2 AND 10 YEARS. THE MAIN CONCLUSION IS THAT, LESS SOPHISTICATED PLANTS RECEIVE A HIGHER BENEFIT THAN PLANTS WITH A HIGH ENERGETIC EFFICIENCY.
THREE TYPICAL ORC APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY WERE ALSO INVESTIGATED. THESE WERE : A HOT WATER SOURCE AT 160 DEGREES C WITH WORKING FLUID R114 AND OUTPUTS OF 500, 1000 OR 5000 KWEL; AN EXHAUST GAS SOURCE FROM A CERAMIC KILN AT 350 DEGREES C WITH WORKING FLUID FLUORINOL 85 AND OUTPUTS OF 500, 1000 OR 5000 KWEL; A HOT AIR SOURCE FROM A SINTERING COOLER AT 350 DEGREES C WITH WORKING FLUID TOLUENE/WATER AND OUTPUTS OF 9.3 OR 12.4 MWEL. THE PAYBACK PERIODS FOR THESE PLANTS ALSO RANGED BETWEEN 2 AND 10 YEAR
Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)
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Programme(s)
Multi-annual funding programmes that define the EU’s priorities for research and innovation.
Multi-annual funding programmes that define the EU’s priorities for research and innovation.
Topic(s)
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Calls for proposals are divided into topics. A topic defines a specific subject or area for which applicants can submit proposals. The description of a topic comprises its specific scope and the expected impact of the funded project.
Call for proposal
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Procedure for inviting applicants to submit project proposals, with the aim of receiving EU funding.
Funding Scheme
Funding scheme (or “Type of Action”) inside a programme with common features. It specifies: the scope of what is funded; the reimbursement rate; specific evaluation criteria to qualify for funding; and the use of simplified forms of costs like lump sums.
Funding scheme (or “Type of Action”) inside a programme with common features. It specifies: the scope of what is funded; the reimbursement rate; specific evaluation criteria to qualify for funding; and the use of simplified forms of costs like lump sums.
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Coordinator
81611 München
Germany
The total costs incurred by this organisation to participate in the project, including direct and indirect costs. This amount is a subset of the overall project budget.