Objective
To demonstrate the cost effectiveness of using electric vehicles in an urban public service fleet located in a cold climate. A 30 % reduction in energy consumption is projected.
Vehicle performance
The monitoring programme, operating activities and data analysis started in June 84 and finished in December 85.
Through intensive use, breakdowns occurred which resulted in significant idle times of around 20%. This ratio is high compared with conventional vehicles of about 3%. The weak point in the FIAT vehicles has been the charger and the DC/DC converter.
Energy findings
a) AC electricity consumption was inversely proportional to distance travelled :
Consumption was 400-1,500 Wh/km for distances of less than 20 km, decreasing to 300-Wh for distances of between 20-40 km and at its lowest level for trips over 40 km. During the last 6 months, vans with shortest routes used 750 Wh/km; 430 Wh on the longest routes. A 2 hour loading at mid-day provided sufficient power for a trip of 120 km.
b) Water consumption also varied indirectly with distance, ranging from 33 km/liter for short routes to 97 km/liter for long routes.
c) DC meters were installed in March 1985;the data analysed indicate that high energy consumption during short trips is due to overcharging of batteries
In terms of nett primary energy, the balance is negative by 6%.
Where district system exist, the overall energy balance would be positive.
Electric vehicles in combination with a combined heat and power plant, may lead to a substitution of 1 L fuel with 1 Kg coal.
Fiat is to manufacture five 900 TE 2 vehicles, each derived from the conventional 900 T and weighting between 1,400-1,900 kg, with a maximum speed of 65 km/h and range in urban conditions of 70 km. For 18 months the vans are to be used in the fleet of the Danish Public Electricity Supply Organisation in Odense (with their conventional vehicles) and the following data collected daily :
(AC) KWH delivered by the charging mains;
(DC) KWH supplied by the battery;
(DC) KWH supplied to the battery when braking;
the distance travelled, ambient temperature, running time and problems encountered. ,Battery condition and water requirements will be noted weekly and general technical reports prepared on a six months basis.
Comparison will be made with a similar project (EE/00130/80/IT) to assess the effects of weather.
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Programme(s)
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Multi-annual funding programmes that define the EU’s priorities for research and innovation.
Topic(s)
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Funding Scheme
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Funding scheme (or “Type of Action”) inside a programme with common features. It specifies: the scope of what is funded; the reimbursement rate; specific evaluation criteria to qualify for funding; and the use of simplified forms of costs like lump sums.
Coordinator
51100 ODENSE C
Denmark
The total costs incurred by this organisation to participate in the project, including direct and indirect costs. This amount is a subset of the overall project budget.