Objective
Demonstration of energy saving done with an adsorption heat pump using the zeolite/water couple and working form any kind of heat source. Application for the production of hot water in a slaughter-house : i.e. 80.000 litres of water per day, to rise from 35 deg. to 70 deg, with a coefficient of performance of 1,6. Use of natural gas as hot source.
Technical and economical evaluation over 6 months of functioning in the slaughter-house conditions :
Ncessary energy for the production of hot water with a ordinary boiler (gas efficiency = 0.8) --> 614.000 Kwh Pci gas.
Energy saving done par an adsorption heat pump (efficiency = 1,6) --> 254.234 Kwh Pci gas.
In manual operation cycles, the coefficient of performance for the hot source is 1,25, and from the evaporator 0,35. For the present pilot, some predictive models have been made to describe the adsorption cycles, and good qualitative agreements between the model and the experiment have been observed for the dynamic of the cycle.
So we can extrapolate the future coefficient of performance with :
- A better efficiency of zeolite adsorber (fins dimensions),
- A thermal management of cycle optimized,
- A better sizing of the evaporator-condenser,
- A better control of cycle and a reduction of losses by a better conception of piping.
With all these easy improvements, we can achieve :
Hot coefficient of performance : 1,5
and cold coefficient of performance : 0,65.
(in a simultaneous production of heat and cold).
1. PRINCIPLE OF ADSORPTION HEAT PUMP :
Adsorption is a physical affinity of a vapor, without any volume expansion. Zeolites are molecular sieves, synthetic or natural aluminosilicates, which have some properties of adsorption of water, because of their open porous structure.
When zeolites are heated, they discharge the water they have (at vapor state). When they are entered by vapor or water, they produce adsorption heat.
The heat pump consists in two vessels containing zeolite, each one connected to an evaporator-condenser. During discharging phase, latent heat of desorption is given by a natural gas fired boiler; the vapor is condensed in a combined evaporator-condenser and latent heat is therefore recovered. During the next phase, the condensed water contained in the evaporator-condenser is adsorbed by zeolite. The adsorbed latent heat is transferred to the industrial heat water set, and the evaporation of latent heat produces cold.
Each vessel containing a finned heat exchanger fitted with zeolite is alternatively in adsorption and in desorption. Each evapo-condenser is alternatively evaporator and condenser.
By this way, we obtain a pseudo-continuity. When the process is reserved, the zeolite adsorber which comes to the end of an adsorption cycle is then located by the sensible heat taken from the hot adsorber at the end of the desorption phase. Thus, the heat to pay is only one part of the total energy requenergy required to heat zeolite.
2. DESCRIPTION OF INDUSTRIAL PILOT :
The requirements of the slaughter-house (where the pilot is and which determines heat pump) are : 80 cubic metres of hot water at 70 deg. per day and partial cooling of hot gas of frigorific compressors.
The heat pump consists in :
- A boiler :
A natural gas fired boiler with a thermal fluid oil at high temperature (250 deg.).
Nominal capacity : 230 Kw.
Efficiency : 80 percent.
- Two zeolite adsorbers :
Each one consists of an airtight vessel containing a finned heat exchanger fitted with 750 Kg of zeolite. Each adsorber is connected to an evaporator-condenser.
Area exchanger : 665 m2.
- Two evapo-condensers :
Each onae is made of an airtight tank containing a special heat exchanger. This exchanger includes finned tubes laying on plates, containing condensed water (capacity of water : 150 Kg). Area exchange of component : 200 m2.
- Heat exchangers : (oil-water and water-water)
Between outputs of heat pump and useful water, cold and hot.
- Storage tank : This thermal insulated tank, with a capacity of 20 cubic metres, is used to regulate the production of hot water. - A computer for process control and checking : This computer manages the process : starting and stopping pump, reversing values according to the different phases of the cycle. It also operates the alarms safeties programme. Due to prototype aspect, this computer is also a data acquisition and data storage. One each step of scanning, the power exchanged on each component if calculate
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Coordinator
44477 CARQUEFOU CEDEX
France
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