Objective
THE AIM OF THE WORK IS TO OBTAIN BETTER GENETIC RECOMBINATIONS IN JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE IN ORDER TO IMPROVE DIFFERENT CHARACTERS IN THE TUBERS : YIELD IN GLYCOSIDES PER HECTARE, GLYCOSIDES CONTENT, SHAPE AND GROUPING.
FOUR SELECTED CLONES ARE CROSSED IN SPAIN, TWO BY TWO FOR THREE YEARS. EACH SEED CAN GIVE RISE TO A NEW AND DISTINCT CLONE.
THE TWO FIRST PLOTS WERE PLANTED BY IVIA AT MONCADA IN APRIL 1986. ON ACCOUNT OF HEAVY LOSSES OF TUBERS BEFORE PLANTING THE NUMBER OF PLANTS WAS REDUCED IN BOTH CROSSES. 195 SEEDS IN THE CROSS FUSEAU 60 X VR AND 651 SEEDS IN THE CROSS FUSEAU 60 X NAHODKA WERE OBTAINED FROM 2150 PLANTS.
THESE SEEDS WILL BE DIVIDED BETWEEN BREEDERS INTERESTED BY JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE SELECTION.
IN THE YEAR 1986 THE PROJECT CONSIDERED A SEED PRODUCTION AT MONCADA NEAR VALENCIA FROM THE CROSSES BETWEEN CLONES FUSEAU 60 X VIOLET DE RENNES (AB) AND CLONES FUSEAU 60 X NAHODKA (AC).
JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE IS THE RESULT OF AN INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION AND THAT MAY EXPLAIN THE LOW RATE OF FERTILITY OF CAPITULA AND THE NECESSITY OF SIGNIFICANT SURFACE FOR SEED PRODUCTION.
THE 1986 ACHENES WILL BE DIVIDED BETWEEN EEC AGRONOMISTS INTERESTED BY JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE BREEDING.
ON 11 MARCH 580 KGS OF TUBERS FROM THE THREE CLONES, PRODUCED AND VERNALIZED AT RENNES, WERE SENT OFF IN SPAIN FOR SEED PRODUCTION. UNFORTUNATELY THEY REMAINED FOR SIX WEEKS IN THE BARCELONA CUSTOMS AND HEAVY LOSSES OCCURED DURING THIS PERIOD (74% OF THE TUBERS WERE ROTTEN). THEREBY THE AREA OF THE TWO PLOTS WAS MUCH REDUCED. INSTEAD OF 4000 TUBERS THE CROSS FUSEAU 60 X VIOLET DE RENNES HAD 1522 TUBERS AND THE CROSS FUSEAU 60 X NAHODKA HAD 628 TUBERS. ANOTHER UNFAVOURABLE CONSEQUENCES WERE THE LATE TIME OF PLANTING (29 APRIL) AND THE DIFFICULTIES FOR THE RIPENESS OF SEEDS ON ACCOUNT OF AUTUM RAINS.
THE LINES WERE SPACED 0,70 M APART AND THE TUBERS WERE PLACED 0,50 M APART. IN ORDER TO INCREASE GENETIC RECOMBINATIONS TWO ROWS OF EACH CLONE WERE ALTERNED WITH TWO ROWS OF THE OTHER CLONE. ON 28 AUGUST POWDERY MILDEW WAS PREVENTED BY A BENLATE TREATMENT. THE HEIGHT OF THE PLANTS WAS BETWEEN 2,50 AND 3,00 M. PLANTATIONS WERE REGULARLY IRRIGATED.
FLOWERING BEGAN ON 5 SEPTEMBER FOR NAHODKA AND 15 SEPTEMBER FOR VIOLET DE RENNES OR FUSEAU 60, AND WAS COMPLETE ON 24 SEPTEMBER. FLOWERS ATTRACTED A LOT OF BEES.
CAPITULA WERE HAND HARVESTED AT THE END OF OCTOBER AND MAILED TO RENNES FOR THRESHING AND SEED PROCESSING.
FOR EACH CLONE IN EACH PLOT THE NUMBER OF PLANTS, THE NUMBER OF CAPITULA, THE NUMBER OF ACHENES AND THE NUMBER OF ACHENES PER CAPITULUM WERE REPORTED.
THE NUMBER OF ACHENES WAS 195 FOR THE CROSS AB AND 651 FOR THE CROSS AC. THE NUMBER OF ACHENES PER CAPITULUM WAS 0,01 IN FUSEAU 60; 0,07 IN VIOLET DE RENNES AND 0,17 IN NAHODKA (THE EARLIER CLONE). THESE RESULTS ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE OF PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS IN SPAIN IN 1984.
THE ACHENES ARE ISSUED FROM BOTH INTRA AND INTERCLONE HYBRIDIZATION (VIOLET COLOUR OF TUBERS IS A GENETIC MARKER). EACH OF THEM HAS ITS OWN GENETIC CONSTITUTION AND THEN CAN GIVE RISE TO A DISTINCT CLONE.
Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
- engineering and technology materials engineering amorphous solids amorphous semiconductors
- engineering and technology materials engineering colors
- social sciences sociology demography fertility
- agricultural sciences agriculture, forestry, and fisheries agriculture horticulture vegetable growing root crops
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Coordinator
75341 Paris
France
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