Objective
THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP THE BASIS FOR AN IMPROVED DIESEL FUEL RATING TECHNIQUE. THE CURRENT CETANE RATING TECHNIQUE (ASTM D 613) GIVES POOR REPEATABILITY AND THE RATINGS DO NOT GIVE GOOD CORRELATIONS WITH PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OBSERVED ON MODERN PRODUCTION DIESEL ENGINES. A POSSIBLE MEANS OF DEVELOPING AN IMPROVED RATING TECHNIQUE WOULD BE TO CARRY OUT TESTWORK CONCENTRATING ON SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS HAVING SOME SENSITIVITY TO FUEL QUALITY SUCH AS: COLD STARTING CHARACTERISTICS, COMBUSTION NOISE, NOX EMISSIONS, LIGHT LOAD HC EMISSIONS.
Work has been performed to create a comprehensive database of performance and combustion data for a range of fuels, using a Ricardo Proteus single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. The validity of this database was demonstrated by the use of reference tests and statistical analysis and suitable correlation techniques were developed and an extensive study was performed of the correlation between performance and combustion parameters. In tests representing a turbocharged aftercooled direct injection diesel engine, typical of European truck practice, no single parameter will rank fuels correctly for all aspects of performance at all conditions.
Other fuel related factors such as physical properties and the use of an ignition improver do affect the correlation of performance with cetane number under certain conditions.
Compared to cetane number, other parameters such as ignition delay measured at certain conditions are better predictors of fuel performance in several important areas, notably hydrocarbon emissions at light load retarded conditions, fuel consumption and some aspects for cold starting. However, cetane number is a better predictor of combustion noise index, light load hydrocarbons at advanced timings and cold starting behaviour at 0 C.
No combustion parameter was found which would predict variations in nitrogen oxide emissions.
Tests were unable to show any significant correlation with particulate emissions except under light load retarded conditions, where some correlation was seen corresponding with the correlations seen for hydrocarbons.
The use of ignition delay in place of cetane number as a fuel quality rating parameter has been seen under certain conditions to reduce the influence of other fuel related factors while improving the linearity and sensitivity of the relationship.
These data demonstrate that scope exists for improving upon the current method of rating the ignition quality of diesel fuels for compression ignition engines.
A RICARDO PROTEUS SINGLE CYLINDER RESEARCH ENGINE (4 STROKE,DIRECT INJECTION, 130X150 MM BORE AND STROKE) WILL BE USED THROUGHOUT. A HIGH SPEED DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM (RICARDO HSDA) WILL BE USED TO RECORD CYLINDER PRESSURE, INJECTOR NEEDLE LIFT AND FUEL LINE PRESSURE AT 0,5 CRANK INTERVALS 0,1 AROUND TDC-. NINE TEST FUELS OF CETANE NUMBER FROM 39 TO 51 AND TWO VOLATILITIES WILL BE USED. BOOSTED ENGINE TESTS WILL BE CARRIED OUT AT THE FOLLOWING KEY POINTS:
1. LOW SPEED, FULL LOAD (1000 REV./MIN. 11,5 BAR BMEP)
2. PEAK TORQUE (1200 REV./MIN. 16,7 BAR BMEP)
3. RATED POWER (2050 REV./MIN. 13,9 BAR BMEP)
4. LOW SPEED, 10% LOAD (1000 REV./MIN.)
5. PEAK TORQUE SPEED, 10% LOAD (1200 REV./MIN.)
6. RATED SPEED, 10% LOAD (2050 REV./MIN.)
7. IDLE (500 REV./MIN.)
FOR TESTING UNDER NATURALLY ASPIRATED CONDITIONS, KEY POINTS 1,2 AND 3 WILL BE USED. EACH KEY POINT HAS BEEN SELECTED TO HIGHLIGHT A SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE PARAMETER.
FIRST THE IGNITION DELAY REPEATABILITY WILL BE ASSESSED BY A STATISTICAL PROGRAMME INVOLVING TWO FUELS HAVING WIDELY DIFFERENT CETANE NUMBERS, TESTED UNDER CONDITIONS OF POINT 2 AND 6 (SHORT AND LONG IGNITION DELAY) AT OPTIMUM TIMINGS. SCREENING TESTS WILL THEN BE CARRIED OUT AT FOUR KEY POINTS (1,3,4 AND 6) USING REFERENCE DIESEL FUEL AND ONE OF THE LOWER CETANE FUELS IN ORDER TO SELECT THREE STATIC INJECTION TIMINGS FOR FURTHER TESTS. THESE WILL BE CARRIED OUT ON A BOOSTED ENGINE AT EACH KEY POINT USING EACH OF THE NINE FUEL TYPES AND AT THE THREE STATIC INJECTION TIMINGS SELECTED.
AT EACH POINT A FULL SET PERFORMANCE, EMISSION AND COMBUSTION DATA WILL BE RECORDED. THE DATA WILL BE ANALYSED WITH A VIEW TO EXPANDING THE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN MEASURED COMBUSTION DATA AND THE LIMITED PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS NOTED EARLIER. OTHER PARAMETERS WILL BE CONSIDERED SHOULD SOME CORRELATION APPEAR. ANALOGOUS TESTS AND DATA PROCESSING WILL BE CARRIED OUT ON NATURALLY ASPIRATED ENGINE SO AS TO POTENTIALLY HIGHLIGHT FUEL RELATED EFFECTS THAT WERE NOT AS EVIDENT UNDER BOOSTED CONDITIONS.
COLD START TESTING WILL FINALLY BE CONDUCTED USING THE RICARDO COLD START FACILITY. A MINIMUM OF TWO COLD START TESTS WILL BE CARRIED OUT ON EACH FUEL AT TWO TEMPERATURES. THE HC AND SMOKE REDUCTION RATES WILL BE RECORDED FOR EACH START.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ASTM D 613 CETANE TEST IN PREDICTING THE COLD START BEHAVIOUR AND OTHER SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF PERFORMANCE WILL BE ASSESSED AND RECOMMENDATIONS MADE FOR ITS POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENT.
Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
CORDIS classifies projects with EuroSciVoc, a multilingual taxonomy of fields of science, through a semi-automatic process based on NLP techniques. See: The European Science Vocabulary.
- engineering and technology environmental engineering energy and fuels liquid fuels
- natural sciences computer and information sciences databases
- natural sciences chemical sciences organic chemistry hydrocarbons
- medical and health sciences basic medicine neurology stroke
- natural sciences computer and information sciences data science data processing
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Coordinator
BN43 5FG SHOREHAM-BY-SEA
United Kingdom
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