Objectif
The project aims at the development of quasi-operationally applicable methods to deduce at a scale as large as the whole Mediterranean area information about changes at the land surfaces by analysing long time series of satellite data with respect to quantities that not only are indicators for changes but in addition provide insight into their underlying processes with a resolution compatible with regional respectively global climate models.
Changes at the land surfaces and specifically degradation and desertification processes are closely related to the transfer of energy and water between the surface and the atmosphere. The amounts and the partitioning of both absorbed radiative energy and precipitation at the one side depend on the modification of land-surface characteristics due to the action of man and natural desasters like fires and floods. At the other side they are important factors for the sustainable development of an area. Only a quantitative assessment of the processes underlying these changes will provide the scientific basis for actions against degradation. Basic methods to infer from satellite data parameters that either serve as indicators for changes or that determine the development of land-surface processes, and thus can be used to describe them by models, have been developed under the EFEDA project for test areas in Spain. They now need to be applied to a wider range of environments. This involves the need for an adjustment of the algorithms and tests of their universal validity.
The present project is a first step into the direction to deal with these problems at a large scale, both in time and space, and in this respect has to be regarded as a "path-finder" concerned primarely with the further development of adequate methods. It follows two main lines: (i) the assessment of changes that occur at larger spatial scales by analysing time series of indicators - relative measures - over longer periods and (ii) the quantitative analysis of processes at test sites. The second line serves the validation of the method and should produce advanced algorithms to be applied in large scale follow-on projects. The research approach is structured into the following three areas:
Firstly, basic parameters such as reflectance, temperature, and vegetation index are mapped for the four seasons for the whole Mediterranean area at full NOAA-AVHRR resolution using available, unmodified techniques.
Secondly time series of existing satellite data are evaluated to describe the variability of surface characteristics at medium spatial scales for regions such as Spain and Italy.
Thirdly the methods derived from investigations in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, have to be refined and adapted to the other Mediterranean environments including the first time hilly terrain. These investigations center on the determination of fluxes at the surfaces and the inference of hydrological quantities and include efforts to validate the obtained results by corroborative measurements in test areas, where the necessary infrastructure exists. Such "anchor sites" have been specified in Spain, Italy, Israel and probably Tunesia.
Though primarely based on measurements from meteorological satellites (NOAA-AVHRR and METEOSAT), high resolution satellite data from LANDSAT and SPOT as well as microwave data are necessary for more detailed studies in limited areas to support the interpretation of the medium resolution data and to study area aggregation methods specifically in hilly terrain. The correct aggregation of the data plays a major role for the future use of these data in climate models.
The quantitativ processing of the satellite data requires (i) absolute calibration, (ii) application of corrections for the illumination and observation geometry, (iii) precise geographical allocation and superposition of data from different sensors, (iv) removal of atmospheric effects (cloud screening and atmospheric corrections for scattering and absorption), and (v) normalisation with respect to the bi-directional reflection function. Deliberations are under way to define an adequate structure of a data base for this large scale investigation.
The project is relevant for those international "Global Change" programmes that deal with changes at the land surfaces, specifically IGBP-BAHC, IGBP/IHDP-LUCC, and the IGBP-DIS project on the use of high resolution satellite data for global change research, as well as with the interaction of the land surfaces with the climate system, and has to be seen in the context of the Convention on Desertification.
Champ scientifique (EuroSciVoc)
CORDIS classe les projets avec EuroSciVoc, une taxonomie multilingue des domaines scientifiques, grâce à un processus semi-automatique basé sur des techniques TLN. Voir: Le vocabulaire scientifique européen.
CORDIS classe les projets avec EuroSciVoc, une taxonomie multilingue des domaines scientifiques, grâce à un processus semi-automatique basé sur des techniques TLN. Voir: Le vocabulaire scientifique européen.
- ingénierie et technologie génie mécanique génie automobile génie aérospatial technologie satellitaire
- ingénierie et technologie génie de l'environnement télédétection
- ingénierie et technologie génie électrique, génie électronique, génie de l’information ingénierie électronique capteurs
- sciences naturelles mathématiques mathématiques pures géométrie
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Coordinateur
50122 Firenze
Italie
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