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European study of carbon in the ocean, biosphere and atmosphere: ocean section.

Objectif


The long-term goal of ESCOBA is to investigate, quantify, model and eventually predict the behavior of the global carbon cycle in response to the perturbation by man and with respect to its interaction with the physical climate system on time scales of up to several hundred years. The specific objectives of ESCOBA-ocean are to better understand the oceanic processes affecting the observed north-south atmospheric concentration gradient and to assess the impact of the seasonal cycle on the uptake of CO2 by the ocean. Both a modelling approach and an experimental approach will be used.


This will be achieved by further collection of data, detailed model validation, sensitivity studies, incorporation
of processes that appear likely to be important regarding oceanic CO2 uptake and transport neglected in
previous studies, and simplification of complex 1-D biogeochemical models and their parameter fields.
In particular, the role of DOC (dissolved organic carbon) in the carbon cycle will be studied, to better
understand the export production partition into particulate and dissolved organic matter (DOM), the time scales
of DOM decay and the Redfield ratio of DOM. Based on time series measurements at a fixed station in the
oligotrophic North Atlantic (ESTOC station) the magnitude and decay characteristics of the DOM (dissolved
organic matter) pulse that is expected to be associated with the spring bloom will be established and the seasonal
evolution of the Redfield ratio in isolates of DOM will be analyzed.
Satellite measurements will be used to study the world ocean productivity to assess the world ocean primary
production (and the carbon fixation) in conjunction with a
light-photosynthesis model as well as the temporal
evolution (month-by-month) and interhemispheric difference in oceanic carbon fixation and circulation within
the phytoplanktonic compartment. The resulting carbon fixation values will be combined with the pCO2 evolution
as measured at sea via diagnostic and prognostic approaches.
An experimental part of this project aims at the direct determination of the seasonal cycle and yearly average
of the air-sea CO2 flux in two oceanic regions, the Indian ocean and the tropical Pacific ocean. The data will
provide boundary conditions on these ocean basins to the atmospheric transport model intended at interpreting
the north-south concentration gradient. In situ measurements will be carried out by ships and automated drifting
buoys (CARIOCA). Satellite measurements of wind speed, sea surface temperature and ocean color will be
used to deduce the air-sea CO2 flux at regional scale to improve the computing of CO2 uptake in the models.
Furthermore, the links between the transfer velocity and physical, chemical and biological parameters at the
ocean surface will be investigated by direct comparison of the transfer velocity (k), as determined at sea during
field investigations using dual and triple tracer technique, and simultaneous measurement of winds derived from
wind scatterometer. The biological (e.g. via the zinc metallo-enzyme carbonic anhydrase) enhancement of the
exchange of carbon dioxide across the air-sea interface will be investigated on a global and regional basis and
the influence of various parametrisations on the CO2 air-sea exchange at global scale will be explored. The
seasonal and interannual variations of the exchange velocity will be monitored at global scale using wind speed
data obtained by satellite.

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Coordinateur

UNIVERSITE PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE - PARIS VI
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Adresse
Place Jussieu 4
75252 PARIS
France

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