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Biocontrol of important soil dwelling pests by improving the efficacy of insect pathogenic fungi

Objectif

This project sets out to develop and to study environmentally friendly biological control agents which should replace or reduce the input of chemical pesticides in European agriculture, forestry and horticulture. This is in accord with the reformed common agriculture policy guidelines and is the objective of area 4 of the FAIR programme. This goal will be achieved through the use of new formulated fungal biopreparations. The fungal pesticides have to be evaluated for their environmental benefits and efficacy to demonstrate that these promising products will be an alternative to chemical insecticides.

Larvae of scarab beetles and weevils feed on the roots of a wide range of economically important plants such as soft and top fruit (e.g. Vines, apples, raspberries, blackcurrants, strawberries), ornamentals (e.g. Cyclarnen, nursery stock), pasture, arable crops (e.g. Cereals, potatoes), and forest trees (e.g. Firs, Christmas trees). The estimated damage in the whole of Europe is several billion ecus. Current control measures are dependent on toxic chemical pesticides some of which are ineffective in the soil while others have or will soon be banned (e.g. Methylbromide). Fungal pathogens are endemic in pest populations and efforts are being made to develop these for pest control. There is, however, a need to develop economical methods for the production of large quantities of stable, virulent microbial pesticides, and appropriate targeting strategies to
(1) maximise the impact of these agents for pest control in different soil habitats and
%(2) minimise the impact on the environment.

The aims ofthis project will be to
(1) control scarabs and weevils with virulent, ecologically competent strains of insect-pathogenic fungi
(2) improve production and formulation technologies,
(3) develop biochemical methods to monitor fungal virulence and nutritional (carbon) requirements,
(4) use molecular techniques to characterize strains to monitor the pathogen in the field (spatial-temporal distribution, genetical stability, interactions with autochthonous, conspecific strains) and for the detection of instability factors (e.g. Transposons, mycoviruses),
(5) test new application systems for effective targeting of the pathogen,
(6) study the impact of the pathogens on target and non-target insects
(7) conduct field trials to demonstrate/evaluate the efficacy of the fungal biological control agents and
%(8) address some of the criteria for the registration of insect pathogenic fungi.

This project links partners with different, but complementary expertise from several countries, from research institutions and small medium sized companies, and should accelerate the progress in achieving the proposed objectives. Successful implementation of the expected results should substantially reduce the need for chemical control of soil dwelling pests like scarabs and weevils. Most of the results from this programme have universal applicability and could be utilised in both field and protected crop ecosystems. Key words: biocontrol agent, insect pathogenic fungi, scarabs, weevils, soil pests, virulence, biotechnology, formulation, ecological fitness, sustainable agriculture, organic farming.

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Coordinateur

INSTITUT FÜR MIKROBIOLOGIE (N.F.) AN DER LEOPOLD-FRANZENS UNIVERSITÄT INNSBRUCK
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Adresse
Technikerstrasse 25
6020 INNSBRUCK
Autriche

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