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Reduction of nematicide use by introducing 2nd generation resistance genes in major european crops

Objectif

Plant pathogenic nematodes form one of the most serious threats to modern agricultural practice. Almost all major crop species can be attacked by nematodes, and the losses in European potato and sugar beet production already exceed 110.000 kecu per year. Nematode control relies heavily on the use of highly toxic pesticides, resulting in the application by the European farmers of an estimated 10.000 Tons of nematicides (active compounds) each year. This practice forms an increasing burden to the environment.

The overall objectives of this project are: Increasing the natural resistance in major european crops against nematodes. - The isolation of a set of plant genes, referred to as 'second generation resistance genes', which will be used to endow sugar beet and potato varieties with resistance against plant pathogenic nematodes. Reduction in the use of pesticides in Europe, as well as to a lowering of the production costs for the farmers The obtained natural plant genes will have a superior performance compared to already available resistance genes, giving a durable resistance against a wide spectrum of pathogenic nematodes. Also, detailed knowledge about the way plants defend themselves against pathogens will be gathered, which will help to safeguard the successful introduction of the isolated genes into modern agriculture.

In the framework of the EC-AIR programme, our partnership (project AIR2-CT93-1206) recently succeeded in the cloning of the first nematode resistance gene from a plant species (Cai et al. (1997) Science 275, pp.832-834). This gene, the Hsl gene from sugar beet, now will be used to isolate the second generation resistance genes from the defence pathways that plants use to protect themselves against pathogenic nematodes.
1. Sugar beet, tomato and Arabidopsis plants which all are endowed with the Hsl gene will be infected with the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii.
2. Genes that are specifically induced after the onset of plant defence will be identified and subsequently cloned using two novel technologies: cdna-AFLPTM and Yeast Two-Hybrid Screenings.
3. Bio-informatics will be used to make an in-depth analysis of the obtained genes and will allow a selection of those genes that have the greatest potential to act as novel resistance genes.
4. These genes will be equipped with specific promoters and subsequently used for the transformation of potato and sugar beet.
5. The obtained transgenic plant materials will be subjected to a detailed nematological analysis. Roots will be infected with several pathogenic nematode species and the performance of the respective second generation resistance genes will be evaluated under lab conditions.
6. The plant materials showing full nematode resistance in these tests will be selected for field trials. These trials will be initiated in the course of this proposal, and will be continued after the closure of the project.
7. Property rights of the obtained genes and transgenic plants will be secured, whereafter commercialisation of these materials will be carried out by the industrial partners in the project.

The project focuses on plant disease problems of major environmental and economic interest.The development of a rapid procedure to obtain plant varieties with a broad and durable resistance by the introduction of naturally occurring plant genes will enable a strong reduction in the use of pesticides in Europe. This, in turn, will have a profound beneficial effect on the environment, especially in areas of potato and sugar beet cultivation. The economic benefits to the farmers in the Community is considerable if durable, broad-spectrum resistance is available in crop cultivars; costs of plant protection will be greatly reduced and the availability of economically sound alternatives to the use of pesticides increases the competitiveness of European agriculture. Also, this project is expected to fuel the development of new plant varieties by European breeding companies.

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DLO-CENTRE FOR PLANT BREEDING AND REPRODUCTION RESEARCH
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Droevendaalsesteeg 1
6708 WAGENINGEN
Pays-Bas

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