Objective
The use of geothermal energy to supply 50 - 80% (+- 46,000 MWh) of the requirements of a district heating network in one of three areas - Logstor, Nibe or Farso.
A primary energy saving of 3,000 TOE/y is expected for the project. Payback is estimated at 15 years.
The site was selected on the basis of results of seismic prospection carried out in the second half of 1981 which showed that three geological formations (sandstone) may be considered as a potential geothermal reservoir.
- Jurassic (Bream) at +- 1,800; 70 deg C; transmissivity 0.9 - 6.5 D m;
- Jurassic (Haldager) at +- 2,000 m; 75 deg C; transmissivity 0.6 - 10 D.m.
- Triassic (Gassum) at +- 2,800 m; 95 deg C; transmissivity 0.75-8.5 D.m.
The reservoir is to be tapped by a pair of wells drilled to a maximum of 3,000 m, with drilling adapted to the capacity of the various reservoirs.
Geologically the well Farso 1 is situated in a deep trough of Mesozoic age.
An airgun well velocity survey was performed after completion of the well to provide a calibrated velocity by data for a future seismic programme. The strong variation in permeability seems to be controlled by an irregular distribution of clays (Kaolinite).
The water is highly saline (T.D.S. 276 g/l). The bad skin which changed during the pumping test is interpreted as a consequence of perforation plugging problems.
A high rate pump test was performed to evaluate the final well productivity which in all cases was too low for economical exploitation. No patents or licences are expected.
Seismic mapping carried out in June 1981 indicated the Farso Gassum formation to be of sufficient quality.
A production well was drilled between october 1981 and April 1982. The Haldager reservoir at between 1925 m and 1973 m consisted of argillaceous sands, cemented to a greater or lesser degree. Permeability : Low a 7" casing was cemented in. The Gassum reservoir between 2743 m and 2941 m consists of clay and sands, cemented to a greater or lesser degree with a sensitive argillaceous zone towards 2887 m where stem losses were incurred, making logging impossible. Drilling resumed by side-tracking, at +- 2850 m down to an equivalent depth. Cemented casing was installed along the full depth of the reservoir (hanger not operating). The open hole was not logged because of the weakness of the clays in the side-track. Between 2790 m and 2935 m, 16 m were perforated. Tests were carried out by submerged pumps at a maximum flow-rate of 10 m3/h. Characteristics: transmissivity - 1.15 .m. skin: +11.3; temperature at the bottom of the hole - 101 deg C; salinity - 276 g/l.
the tests revealed a fall in the flow-rate while the core samples gathered at between 2805 and 2905 m suggested that the sandstones were very permeable (with an expected transmissivity of 4 D.m.). The perforations and walls of the reservoir are likely to become clogged in the course of production as fines and clay are likely to be thrown up. Further tests will be needed after perforation, stimulation and cleaning. On the other hand there is no explanation for the low flow-rate from the lower zones.
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Coordinator
2970 Hoersholm
Denmark
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