Objective
The comparison of reproduction and developmental genes of primitive Metazoa is undertaken to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within Porifera and Diploblasts. The principal objectives are:
1.- To study the spermatogenesis, cleavage pattern, larval differentiation, and metamorphosis on target sponge species of the classes Calcarea, Hexactinellida, Demospongiae;
2.- To investigate the homeobox genes which play a relevant role in development through sexual reproduction and in cell population differentiation, distribution and interaction.
To reach these objectives, different target species have been chosen on the basis of their occurrence within the monophyletic groups of Porifera obtained by Chombard (1998) and Borchiellini et al (1998), their availability and accessibility in the different sites, White Sea, Western Mediterranean, Baikal, the knowledge by the different partners about the ecology, period of reproduction, life cycle of these species.
The questions to which this research will answer are:
1. Are spermatozoids with acrosome present in different groups of Porifera or are they restricted to Homoscleromorpha and Calcaronea?
2. Are the patterns of cleavage representative of a monophyletic group?
3. Is the type of larva representative of a monophyletic group? Is the degree of cellular differentiation in the larva at the moment of differentiation indicative of phylogenetic relationships?
4. Are the homeobox genes involved in development and already known in Metazoa present in the three classes of Porifera?
5. How and when these genes are expressed in the embryo and the larva?
The answers to these questions will allow to determine precisely the branching orders of deep radiation among Porifera and the relationships with other diploblastic phyla, by combination of two sets of data : comparative embryology and molecular data. This is the first time that such an approach will be undertaken in diploblasts.
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Programme(s)
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Coordinator
13007 Marseille
France
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