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This work demonstrated that spermatozoa from five avian species - chicken, turkey, guinea fowl, drake and gander - all had higher proportions (from 46% in turkey to 55% in drake) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than other avian tissues, although these were less than in mammalian spermatozoa. For each of the species, the most abundant PUFAs were docosatetranoic (22:4n-6) and arachidonic (20:4n-6) acids, unlike mammalian spermatozoa in which there are high proportions of n-3 polyunsaturates, particularly docosahexanoic acid.
As a likely result of these high proportions of PUFAs, avian spermatozoa showed a significant susceptibility to lipid peroxidation, which was associated with loss of viability and fertilizing ability of spermatozoa in vitro.
However, significant activities of antioxidant activity, at least partially identified as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and -tocopherol, were found in the spermatozoa and seminal plasma of all 5 species. These were able to provide practical protection from peroxidation in vitro and may also be speculated to promote stability of the spermatozoa during their prolonged storage in the oviductal sperm storage tubules in vitro.
The fatty acid composition of chicken spermatozoa could be changed by dietary means - enriching the docosahexanoic content several-fold - although docosatetranoic acid always remained the most abundant fatty acid. Feeding arachidonic acid had little effect on sperm levels of this fatty acid - presumably being metabolised to docosatetranoic acid.
Such feeding regimes had little, repeatable, significant effect on various parameters of fresh sperm quality, measured both in vitro and in vivo.
Supplementation of the diet with very large amounts of -tocopherol increased sperm levels of this vitamin 2-fold and also enhanced the proportions of C20-22 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the sperm phospholipids. Spermatozoa from these experimental birds had reduced susceptibility of the semen to lipid peroxidation in vitro.
The results of experiments in which spermatozoa were subjected to liquid storage at low temperatures and to cryopreservation by two different protocols, suggest that some combinations of dietary supplements of PUFAs with -tocopherol may improve maintenance of sperm function/ fertilizing ability during these processes, but more experimental replicates are required to validate these findings statistically.
This work demonstrated that spermatozoa from five avian species - chicken, turkey, guinea fowl, drake and gander - all had higher proportions (from 46% in turkey to 55% in drake) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than other avian tissues, although these were less than in mammalian spermatozoa. For each of the species, the most abundant PUFAs were docosatetranoic (22:4n-6) and arachidonic (20:4n-6) acids, unlike mammalian spermatozoa in which there are high proportions of n-3 polyunsaturates, particularly docosahexanoic acid.
As a likely result of these high proportions of PUFAs, avian spermatozoa showed a significant susceptibility to lipid peroxidation, which was associated with loss of viability and fertilizing ability of spermatozoa in vitro.
However, significant activities of antioxidant activity, at least partially identified as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and -tocopherol, were found in the spermatozoa and seminal plasma of all 5 species. These were able to provide practical protection from peroxidation in vitro and may also be speculated to promote stability of the spermatozoa during their prolonged storage in the oviductal sperm storage tubules in vitro.
The fatty acid composition of chicken spermatozoa could be changed by dietary means - enriching the docosahexanoic content several-fold - although docosatetranoic acid always remained the most abundant fatty acid. Feeding arachidonic acid had little effect on sperm levels of this fatty acid - presumably being metabolised to docosatetranoic acid.
Such feeding regimes had little, repeatable, significant effect on various parameters of fresh sperm quality, measured both in vitro and in vivo.
Supplementation of the diet with very large amounts of -tocopherol increased sperm levels of this vitamin 2-fold and also enhanced the proportions of C20-22 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the sperm phospholipids. Spermatozoa from these experimental birds had reduced susceptibility of the semen to lipid peroxidation in vitro.
The results of experiments in which spermatozoa were subjected to liquid storage at low temperatures and to cryopreservation by two different protocols, suggest that some combinations of dietary supplements of PUFAs with -tocopherol may improve maintenance of sperm function/ fertilizing ability during these processes, but more experimental replicates are required to validate these findings statistically.
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