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Ground-based support for SOHO: the solar and heliospheric observatory

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The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) is a joint ESA/NASA mission to study the Sun, from its deep core to the outer corona, and the solar wind. SOHO was launched on 2 December 1995 and was inserted into a halo orbit around the L1 Lagrangian point on 14 February 1996. From this vantage point it is continuously monitoring the Sun, the heliosphere, and the solar wind particles that stream toward the Earth. Three helioseismology instruments provide new insights into the structure and dynamics of the solar interior, from the deep core to the outermost layers of the convection zone. A set of six complementary remote sensing observations by making in-situ measurements of the composition and energy of the solar wind and charged energetic particles. From the beginning on, SOHO was conceived as an integrated package of complementary instruments to be operated in a co-ordinated programme. A key element in the SOHO science operations concept therefore are co-ordinated observing campaigns. These are agreed periods during which several SOHO instruments, together with other spacecraft and ground-based solar observatories, run specific observing sequences devised to study specific scientific topics. As of November 30, 1997 there have been 95 campaigns involving ground-based observatories, several of which were large multi-site efforts involving observatories from all around the world, including participants of this project. Several of these campaigns were organised and led by the INTAS member state participants of this project. Among the campaigns in which FSU contractors participated were the large international effort to study the onset of coronal mass ejections, several X-ray bright point campaigns, filament and prominence campaigns, and the "Whole Sun Month" campaign. In addition to the specific observing campaigns, FSU participants and the participant in France (Meudon Observatory) collected synoptic data (full disk images in H-alpha, Ca K, and He 10830 Å as well as radio maps and spectra) which will be used during the in-depth analysis of the SOHO data. This INTAS grant was very important for several of the FSU participants to obtain additional funds from other sources, and it helped FSU colleagues to stay in touch with the rest of the world wide solar physics community. There is a good number of FSU colleagues who are actively involved in the analysis of SOHO data.

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