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Exploitable results
The main results we obtained through collaborations which have benefited from visits to the different partner labs are as follows:
A. Theory of the linear and non-linear optical response. Donetsk (1. Lyubchanskii et al), St Petersburg (R.V. Pisarev et al) and Berlin (W. Huebner et al) teams have proposed new general theories on Magnetooptics (MO), especially on the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) of light. These theories were applied successfuly for interpreting our experimental data, especially in the case of the non-linear MO response of magnetic garnets (coll. St Petersburg - Nijmegen). The Nijmegen group has also carried out a comprehensive study and classification of the non-linear MO effects.
B. MOSHG measurements: Magnetisation of buried interfaces. Pionneering experimental works carried in Nijmegen have demonstrated the specificity of MOSHG for studying the magnetism at magnetic surfaces and magnetic / non magnetic thin film interfaces. The Berlin group has theoretically demonstrated the sensitivity of MOSHG to the magnetism of iron surfaces. The detection of the interface magnetism in Co/Au and Co/Cu ultrathin fiim structures was also investigated in detail during the stay of V. Pavlov (St Petersburg) at Orsay. The consequences of an alloying at interfaces has been recently investigated by the Nijmegen group in Co/Pt multilayer structures.
C. Electronic confinement and Quantum Well States. An extensive study of Quantum Well States (QWS) in Co ultrathin films of noble metals by the MOSHG technique was carried out through Nijmegen-Orsay and Orsay-St Petersburg-Nijmegen collaborations. The non-linear optical response from QWS in these films is shown to dominate the total generated SHG signal. The doubling of the oscillotory period of the MOSHG signal with respect to that observed in linear Kerr measurements is related to symmetry properties and interface localisation of the QWS. The spectral dependence of the MOSHG magnitude ought to assign these non-linear effects either to interband or intraband optical transitions depending on the photon energy.
D. MOSHG Domain imaging and domain walls. These new non-linear MO effects allowed us to start the developement of a new type of magnetic imaging study which combines linear and non-linear microscopies. Its application to the visualisation of domain structures in epitaxially grown magnetic garnet films has been demonstrated (coll. Nijmegen-St Petersburg). A symmetry based theory of MOSHG imaging of magnetic domains and domain walls was proposed (coll. Nijmegen-St Petersburg). A MOSHG imaging system has been recently realised at Orsay during the stay of V.V. Pavlov (St Petersburg).
The efficiency of the East-West co-operation may be evaluated from the large number of significant commun published articles in well renown international reviews (28) and participations to international conferences (42). In close relation with the INTAS project, W. Huebner (Berlin) has organised a very successful European Workshop on "Non-linear Magneto-optics" in Berlin (December 8, 1995) grouping together all European experts on MOSHG. All INTAS teams have participated actively to this workshop and presented half of the invited talks. There was also participation in another European Workshop on "Femtosecond Spectroscopies in Metallic Systems" held in Strasbourg (February 7, 1997). Two invited talks summarising the INTAS scientific activity, were delivered.
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