Resultado final
The knowledge gained in the MUFFINS project, particularly in implementation of an example framework for delivering secure content. There exists multiple standards like MPEG-21 and ISMA 1.0 Encryption and Authentication Specification, to satisfy the requirements of components in the framework. Some of the standards were used by the MUFFINS framework.
The Optibase player is a fully MPEG-4 compliant player, based on the MPEG-4 Systems Reference Software. It is a 2D player, i.e. can compose and render most of the 2D BIFS nodes, as well as audio and video.
For video, MPEG4@ SP or MPEG4@ ASP profiles are supported. For audio, mono, stereo, and linear AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) streams are supported.
The player has a DMIF plug-in that can handle input from local files, and streamed over the network using the RTP protocol as define by ISMA. In addition, the player incorporates an IPMP (Intellectual Property Management and Protection) plug-in that communicates with a license management client and handle content decryption.
The player has an open architecture that enables the integration of tools from different vendors. Optibase has integrated into the player its own IPMP module to handle streams encrypted according to the ISMA (Internet Streaming Media Alliance) speculations. The specifications mandate the use of the AES-Counter Mode encryption algorithm. Optibase has also integrated a client-side license management module that is capable of interacting with Philips license management system.
We also further developed this software player to comply with the MPEG-21 standard. By doing so, the player can be initiated by providing it a DID - a descriptor that describes an MPEG-21 digital item. The player then extracts the resource locator and determines accordingly the location of the streams to play. Additionally, the player extracts from the DID the licensing information - encoded using the MPEG-21 RDD/REL standard - and conveys that information to the license management system.
All these features together form up an innovative platform for playing multimedia content the first one of its kind that exercises the use of the MPEG-21 standard in a fully functional media player.
Optibase does not plan to exploit this player as a stand-alone product, as no business model is foreseen for out-of-context software media players. However, Optibase will continue to use and further develop the player as a testing platform in current and future development. The player also provides the client platform communicating with server-side products developed and marketed by Optibase.
Within MPEG-7 descriptors for audio signals were developed, which belong to a certain piece of music comparable to a fingerprint.
A data base containing fingerprints of some thousands pieces of music can now be used to identify an unknown piece of music by generating a standardised fingerprint of 210 to 30 seconds of the unknown music and search for a match in the data base.
Within a database of 150000 pieces a reliable search can be done resulting in more than 99% correct hits.
The technology can be used for identifying of pieces music e.g. for media control applications.
Another application in the public domain are search and identification services to identify unknown hits of which some seconds have to be recorded and played to the search system. Contact to the search system was also demonstrated via mobile phones.
Develop an agent-based digital items management scheme: Identify areas where agents may add value to the MUFFINS scenarios. Proposed Agent-based solutions for the identified Use cases. Select relevant and available Agent technology solutions. Specify, define and design agent architecture for their implementation within the overall MUFFINS scenario architecture. Define interfaces (APIs) and protocols to integrate agent technology within the overall MUFFINS framework.
The Streaming Platform is a hardware device based on Optibase MovieMaker 400. The device captures and encodes audio-visual input in real-time, can insert watermarks and encrypt the content, also in real time, and can either stream the content or store it on a disk for later use. The device includes the following components:
The media decoder is a low profile PCI card real-time HW MPEG4 video and audio encoder. The board receives analogue video and audio input and compresses them into MPEG4 video and MPEG4 AAC LC audio into an MP4 file, ISMA compliant. The board has streaming capabilities for sending the video and audio over the network over RTP/RTCP protocol according to the ISMA definitions. The HW capabilities enable encoding up to full D1 resolution in real-time.
The encryption module accepts blocks of clear-text media content and uses the AES-CTR algorithm to encrypt them. The module is activated after compression of the media and before they are passed over to the streaming module for streaming or the multiplex module for local storage.
The watermarking module allows inserting identification data into the music that cannot be removed. Insertion is not done via additional digital comment field but with a special signal processing technique, which inscribes the information into the sound signal directly. Identification number can be inserted into the audio signal which over data base carry information on the issuer, rights owner, distributor or even customer including date and time of purchase (transaction watermarking).
The File Multiplex/Demultiplex component is able to store encoded media streams in MP4 files and read them.
The Streaming module is the component responsible to the following tasks:
- Negotiate a session with client devices using the RTSP protocols (for on-demand scenarios).
- Announcing session details using the SAP protocol (for broadcast scenarios).
- Packetizing encoded media units (either received from the Media Encoder or fetched from an MP4 file) in RTP format and transmitting them over the network. This is done for both on-demand and broadcast scenarios, and may use either unicast or multicast network channels.
The entire streaming platform is controlled through the Control System component. The Control System starts and stops sessions, and determines the operation of the platform.
The potential of this results lies in the established Optibases customer base of customers with a need for high efficiency, high quality streaming media platform, including corporations, service providers and telco operators. By extending its product with DRM capabilities, Optibase expects to attract more customers and to upgrade equipment and services to existing customers.
The availability of products of this class will enable augmented consumption of multimedia while helping to cope with one of the main factors, if not the main factor, which currently impede the progress of digital media - the lack of effective means to cope with media piracy.
The innovation of this result lies with its ability to apply protection measures at the time the media is created, including in situation when the content is consumed at the moment it is created, such as in broadcast of live events. It is one of the first product of this kind, if not the first one.
An audio watermarking system to add digital information to audio tracks was developed, implemented and tested.
The system can embed in real time up to 60 bits per second into audio material, which cannot be perceived by listeners.
The embedded information can be extracted in real time by a notebook-based analyser, which is coupled by microphone to the sound track.
Applications are:
- Copy protection of media by adding customers identity or transaction information to the sound track.
- Media control applications for broadcasting.
- Additional (lecret) low capacity data channels in existing audio channels.
The system was tested by EBU in July 2003 and is recommended for broadcast use.
The Qualification Test and Learning Center (QTLC) is an application for doing education and training over IP network.
The basic concept was originally developed under the MUFFINS project and has been further developed into a full scheme. The QTLC provides the mechanism for user to find and to learn specific subject, and to take exams.
Currently ITRI is working together with UoL (an MUFFINS partner) to implement this application on a modified MUFFINS On-line Store.
The implemented MPEG-4 audio / video player is the result of long lasting contributions to the MPEG community.
The player offers high quality audio based on MPEG-4 advanced audio coding (AAC).
The player offers high quality video with 500 x 288 pixels and 25 frames per second with bitrates between 500 and 800 kbps but also down to 128 kbps (176 x 144 pixels, 12 fps).
The player is based on software running on a high end PC.
Currently demo versions of the player can be downloaded from: http://www.iis.fhg.de/.
The player was adapted to ISMA conform streaming and encryption recently.
The player will be ported to ARM-based handheld devices soon.
The player will be exploited for multi media delivery on IP and other channels.
The knowledge gained in the MUFFINS project, particularly in implementing the ISMA 1.0 Encryption and Authentication solution will be used to contribute further to Content Protection open standards. MPEG-21 in general and IPMP in particular also define content protection frameworks. The implementation knowledge gained in MUFFINS will be used to review and provide feedback to these standards.
Scalable 3D Graphics in the MPEG-21 Framework:
IMEC has developed a scalable 3D graphics player and integrated it within the MUFFINS framework. The player matches the content processing characteristics to the (dynamically) varying processing and network capabilities. MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation (ISO/IEC 21000-7) tools are used to describe the content adaptation parameters and the terminal usage environment.
This result proves the feasibility of advanced resource management for 3D graphics using the MPEG-21 multimedia framework.
The main part of this report presents an overview to the creativity industry, media distribution chain and production issues. It also reviews the DRM industry, security and trusted system technologies as well as aspects of agent-based solutions. Review features of media object search, identification and use. Review and discuss the relationship between DRM, digital asset management (DAM) and digital policy management (DPM) as well as trends in digital media industry. Discuss issues on media creation and acquisition, super-distribution and collecting societies.
The appendices sections of this report address amongst others legal and regulatory issues. Typology of current media objects. Drivers and needs for DRM enablers. Give a broader account of business model disruption in relation to proliferation of platforms, consumer-producer roles, productions and reproduction of digital items, technical legacy, music subscription services and super-distribution technologies and DRM technologies. Give further insight into collective societies and collective management rights issues. And review some known P2P file sharing on-line services.
This is an end-to-end framework for search a delivery of protected media content, based on the MPEG-21 concept of "digital item". The digital item concept enables unified machine-readable description of media content - including its structure, location, format, characteristics, usage instructions and licensing terms. In other words, its an abstraction of the physical media piece including its "box", plus all the information that is found inside the box.
The other main feature of the framework is its ability to handle end-to-end protection. End to end protection is that situation when a media item is created, and protection measures, such as encryption, are applied to the media at creation time. Once it is created the item can be carried by various means, including physical media and various kinds of network, without exposing its valuable content to non-licensed access. The media is accessible when arriving to its final destination - an authenticated user who has acquired the license to access the media and been given the tools to do so.
The use potential of this framework is enormous. The approach has the potential of moving the entire media market to online distribution channels, while solving two of the main hurdles that are currently impeding this trend: the difficulty to find content that is guaranteed to play on ones device, and the enforcing of property rights.
The result is innovative in few aspects. One is the success to compile the theoretical MPEG-21 DI specifications into a working framework where items from different vendors and of different characteristics are seamlessly integrated. Most notable is the accomplishment the present to and end user local, remote and broadcast media items in a unified way that lets the user access the item transparently without being aware of its format or location.
The other innovative aspect of this result is the pioneering of the end-to-end protection technology. Currently protection measures exist in platform such as paid channels in digital TV, but in call current cases the protection is done on the delivery channel. It is not possible to record a media item or view it outside its designated receiving channel. If somehow the system is tampered and the received items are recorded, they are consequently available in clear text and the licensing rules are violated. With this result of the project we can protect the content until it arrives to a licensed client more efficiently, while still allow unlicensed clients to distribute the item by any appropriate means.
This result of the project is not exploitable as a stand-alone product but rather enables a wide range of products and services. Optibase intends to enrich its products and develop new ones based on market acceptance of the approach pioneered by this result.
This technology is developed by Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) as a DRM tool for future digital content types that are object-based. Although initially not developed under MUFFINS, this MDRM technology can be incorporated into MUFFINS framework as a useful extension. This MDRM technology provides a framework to manage the digital rights of individual objects contained in a digital item.
This allows complex IP applications, such as e-commerce and e-learning, to adapt to different types of users. Users can selective the types of digital objects that fit their particular needs. With the trend of using MPEG-4 in various new commercial applications, this technology will found its usefulness in digital multimedia broadcasting and packaged media.
The local inspection client is a standalone application running on the users terminal. According to the Muffins architecture all licenses to content for a user are stored on the user terminal. The same is true for the digital items for content the user has previously accessed and/or has a license for.
The local inspection client has three main functions in the Muffins system:
- It monitors the availability of licenses to content on the user terminal and periodically notifies the muffins online store central server of license availability for the user.
- It tracks the available digital items and associated resources available on the terminal and periodically notifies the muffins online store.
- It monitors the user terminal capabilities and notifies the muffins online store
The MOS uses the information received from the local inspection client to adapt its user interface to the actual users context, e.g. only displays content the user can consume on its terminal, shows icons about license availability etc.
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