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Integrated Diesel European Action

Objectif

Carry out collaborative R&D on the processes which take place in Diesel combustion engines. This research should lead to improved efficiency and a lower emission of particulates (e.g. soot), NOx and CO2.
A model experiment is presented as a bridge case between fundamental research and studies on practical combustion systems. The evolution of one diesel spray in high temperature (900 K), high pressure (4 MPa), nearly quiescent (cross flow velocity of 1 m/s), oxidative (air) environment is characterized for 2 injection conditions that are of interest in light duty diesel engines (1.6 and 6 mg/stroke/hole). Laser light scattering and emission imaging have been used for this purpose together with chemical analysis of material sampled with a fast sampling valve, at 35 mm from the nozzle. The structures of the combustion processes for the 2 injection conditions show similar features. The comparison of the diesel combustion structure presented in with those reported in the literature, relative to injections of much higher fuel quantity, suggests that both experimental conditions define prototypic classes fo diesel-like processes, which should be considered as reference models in the analysis of apparatus dependent combustion processes in real diesel engines.

Absorption, fluorescence and scattering measurements were carried out in rich premixed ethylene oxygen flames. Soot and condensed hydrocarbon species concentrations were measured by direct sampling and chemical analysis in the carbon oxygen range from 0.65 to 0.75 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) accounts for no more than 20% of the condensed hydrocarbon species. The early formation in the flames of structures with typical size around 2nm (2500 amu), which do not absorb and fluoresce in the visible, was followed by means of ultraviolet scattering and absorption measurements. These transparent particles were considered to be soot precursors on the basis of their decreasing concentration profile in correspondence of soot inception, as evaluated by both optical and chemical measurements. The soot inception process is characterized by the progressive aromatization of the transparent particles as shown by the progressive shift toward the visible of absorption and fluorescence. The internal rearrangement of a partially aromatic polymeric structure, more than a progressive formation of very large PAH structures, is proposed as a mechanism for soot inception.
Five European car manufacturers (members of the Joint Research Committee) collaborate in this project on Diesel engines. Diesel engines are the most efficient engines for transportation, but future regulations for emission of pollutants such as particulates (e.g. soot) and NOx are likely to be so severe that this objective can only be achieved with a very high technical effort. The IDEA Project was therefore set up to explore new ways to reduce pollution and increase efficiency. The work in this project is based on previous work carried out under EC contracts (EN3E-049-UK, EN3E-102-D, EN3E-124-F) which resulted in three three-dimensional computer codes of which two are relevant for Diesel engines: the SPEED-SPRAY and the SPEED codes.

Work in the IDEA programme will be carried out in two areas: computer simulation of Diesel engines and basic R&D on combustion processes in Diesel engines. The programme has been divided into 5 sub-programmes: theoretical work on computer code development and experimental work on the topics: fuel spray, auto ignition, flame propagation, and pollutant formation.

The SPEED and SPEED-SPRAY code will be further developed and integrated in a code for computation of three-dimensional Diesel combustion processes including models for fuel spray, auto-ignition flame propagation and pollutant formation. Extensive experimental work will be carried out by the participating laboratories on spray behaviour, auto-ignition, flame propagation and pollutant formation. This work should come up with methods to reduce pollutant formation. The experimental data obtained will also be used to validate the three-dimensional computer code for Diesel engine combustion. The use of this simulation model will make an important contribution to the design of more efficient Diesel engines with a strongly reduced pollution. It will also enable European car industry to reduce time and cost in developing new engines and to maintain its leadership in world Diesel technology.

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Coordinateur

VOLKSWAGEN AG
Contribution de l’UE
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Adresse
Berliner Ring 2
WOLFSBURG
Allemagne

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Dernière mise à jour: 25 Janvier 1994

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Permalink: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/JOUE0008/fr

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