Summary:
COMWEB has through the comparative studies provided considerably further insight into the mechanisms behind coastal eutrophication. The analysis of pelagic flow networks provided a conceptual platform diagnostic criteria for state and quality assessment of coastal waters. Rate estimates related better to nutrient loading rates than concentration of biotic compartments, whereas biomass related better to total nutrient concentrations. Primary production, mesozooplankton grazing and growth, fraction of primary production consumed by grazers, bacterial production relative to primary production, cycling indices, and path lengths were all well related to nutrient loading rate. Autotrophic biomass, ratio of autotrophic to heterotrophic biomass, and fraction of pico-cyanobacteria of the total autotrophic biomass were all well related to total nutrients. These variables have the potential of becoming unified response functions in an integrated management model for nutrient emission to European coastal waters. The short-term effects of nutrient perturbations were proportional to the dose added, and an upper critical level of nutrient loading for the integrity of the food web was 1 µmol N litre-1 day-1. The value is only valid for the short-term effects. The seasonal response of the open NE Atlantic system was lower and non-linear.