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Résultats exploitables
The total content of heavy metals in soils and sediments gives poor information on the effect of these pollutants in the environment as their mobility depends strongly on their specific chemical forms or ways of binding. In practice, the determination of operationally defined soluble forms, by using single and sequential extraction, has been applied in many laboratories within the last ten years in order to study environmental pathways. The problem of a proliferation of extraction tests together with the complexity of many procedures was pointed out by the scientific community, as the results obtained when applying different methods are not comparable amongst laboratories. Moreover, the lack of certified reference materials does not permit the laboratories to apply quality control systems.
In this context, the aim of the project was the standardization and subsequent validation of heavy metal extraction procedures in sediments and soils as well as the production of reference materials certified for their extractable content of cadmium, copper, chromium, lead, nickel and zinc in soil and sediment samples. Common procedures for single extraction of these metals in mineral soils, using acid extraction and chelating agents, were adopted and three certified reference materials produced. A shorter and simplified sequential extraction scheme was devised and evaluated for heavy metal extraction in sediments and a further certified reference material was produced.
In the European Community, consistent and reliable information is needed on the environmental impact of certain materials in order to take decisions on the use, treatment or disposal of contaminated soil or sediments. The information obtained from this project has contributed to the harmonization of analytical methodologies used for metal partitioning studies from soils and sediments. The preparation of the four certified reference materials for extractable heavy metals in soils and sediments permits the application of quality control systems in analytical laboratories and consequently these laboratories have the potential to produce reliable data concerning metal pollution mobility.
Many European laboratories are now applying the procedures which have emerged from the project. The number of laboratories using the methods may increase in the near future as the certified reference materials produced are now available from the Institute for Reference Material and Methods in Gel, Belgium.
The work done in the project is relevant to EC directorates responsible for drafting regulations in the topic. In the near future, it can contribute as a support to European directives should the validated procedures be adopted as international standards.
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