Objectif
The search for deep oil and gas reservoirs makes ever increasing demands on seismic technologies. Preferably, seismic surveys will not only investigate geological structures, but also provide information on lithology, pore content, and lateral facies variation. Today, the data quality obtained through advanced acquisition techniques is such that the frequency and amplitude content of the total seismic wavefield can be utilized. To fully exploit this innovative potential in practical exploration, massive R+D efforts are required, aiming at novel evaluation and interpretation concepts. The previous joint projects on lithoseismics, titled "ASW" and "LIPS", introduced university teams to the problems on hand and prepared the ground for advanced R+D work on the subject.
1. An inversion algorithm for surface waves for the determination of parameters of a laterally inhomogenous substrate was derived. The method was tested on synthetic seismograms and applied to field data to detect inhomogeneities and to determine static corrections for P and S waves.
2. The inderdependancy of signal qualities and softlayer geology in existing data along a profile at the North Sea Coast near Lyngby across two geological wells was investigated. Laboratory measurements comprise resonant column tests for the determination of shear modulus, Young's modulus and damping. The results were used for the interpretation of amplitude and absorption anomalies in reflection seismic data.
3. Seismic borehole modelling software was developed and implemented. A program for the transformation of the borehole transfer function from phase velocity to group velocity representation has been completed. An algorithm for the computation of the seismic borehole transfer function of a fluidfilled borehole surrounded by a porous and permeable rock formation was developed and applied to field data.
4. Attenuation determination by using three different methods for Q-estimation was optimized. The methods were applied to synthetic data and field data which were acquired within this project. The velocities derived from the P- and S-wave VSPs were used to define starting models for an inversion.
5. The implementation of software for the singular value decomposition into an interactive interpretation tool was completed. Singular value spectra and resolution and information density matrices were calculated from a part of the stacked section to evaluate inversion results.
6. Seismic data were acquired in the test field Burgmoor. P and S-wave multicomponent VSPs, additional logging measurements and reflection seismic P- and S waves surveys, including refraction statics were carried out in order to provide the institutes with realistic test data. The reflection seismic data processing and interpretation were successfully completed.
The overall goal of the LITASEIS Project is to integrate lithoseismic methods developed in former German R+D projects (especially in ASW and LIPS) into a novel approach for the lithological interpretation of seismic waves. The background for this effort is given by the actually growing exploration depth of deep gas reservoirs in Germany and other European regions (5.000 - 6.000 m).
In this depth the gas reservoirs are more and more of a facies type and are characterized by tight pay rock with transitions in porosity and permeability due to diagenetic processes.
The common reflection seismics often fail in finding such reservoirs because of lack of substantial jumps in seismic impedance. For effective exploration in that depth the companies do need more and more LITHOSEISMIC METHODS in order to identify lithologic transitions out of seismic data.
The former ASW and LIPS projects brought up several methodological developments which have been integrated into a novel exploration method in lithoseismics.
In order to reach this goal the LITASEIS Group is built up mainly out of previous R+D Projects in lithoseismics (ASW+LIPS), which partly got funding by the EC DG 17 formerly.
The project is organized as a cooperation project where the proposers 1 to 5 are cooperating under the project management of DGMK. The project is the methodical part of the whole LITASEIS-Program in Germany. Six German oil companies (BEB, Preussag Energie, RWE-DEA, Wintershall, ITAG, MOBIL) participate as project partners. This demonstrates the application character of the project.
The project involves the development of an integrated comprehensive concept for seismic lithological investigation, comprising the following innovative individual approaches :
PROBLEMS
1. Adverse effects of near-surface layers (soft layers) on amplitude and frequency content of seismic signals.
2. Adverse effects of processing on amplitude and phase.
3. Correlation and calibration of reflection seismic data with borehole seismograms.
4. Lithological interpretation of seismic lithoparameters.
APPROACH
1. Investigations using surface waves. Investigations of static corrections.
Investigations at characteristic locations and their petrophysical interpretation.
2. Study involving synthetic data and transfer to processing procedures on seismic field data.
3. Modelling of borehole seismograms, taking into account total wave field (p,s, Stoneley).
4. Interrelation between Qp, Qs, Vp, and Vs in theory and practice.
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Coordinateur
22297 Hamburg
Allemagne
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