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Comparative dynamycs of innovation systems: implications for S&T an d other policies

Objectif



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research proposal brings together a restricted but highly complementary group of research institutes specialised in the analysis of social systems of innovation. The research proposed within the second TSER programme focuses on the taxonomy, diversity and recent evolution of the systems of innovation and aims to derive new principles and tools in order to govern science and technology policy in the era of European integration and larger interdependence at the world level.
Three main avenues will be explored.

First of all, the renewed interest for endogenous technical change or neoschumpeterian analyses has put a strong emphasis upon the role of innovation...but they do not deal explicitly with the network of institutions (organisation of science, incentive for R&D expenditures, industrial relations, tax and credit systems, forms of competition,...) which shape the direction of innovation and the speed of diffusion of technological and organisational advances. This project builds upon the emérging literature on national systems of innovation, in order to propose a theoretically grounded and empirically relevant analysis of the various contemporary configurations. Statistical econometric and institutional analysis will simultaneously be mobilised in order to diagnose the configurations prevailing among OECD countries and some Asian NIC's. This could be a very useful tool for policy makers.

Second, a previous research hints that the 90's might well be a turning point in the competition among the four major social systems of innovation which used to coexist during the 80's. This proposal digs a neglected question: why and how do systems of innovation evolve? By a close investigation of the internationalisation strategy of the large corporations and a careful analysis of the endogenous transformation of local systems of innovation during the process of European integration, the project intends to enlighten the trade-off between diversity and dynamic efficiency in a more interdependent world. Of course the global structural competitiveness of European Union as a whole will be analysed both by econometric and institutional analyses. A special focus will be put upon the recent transformation of Japan and East Asia and their impact upon European specialisation, growth and employment.

Last but not least, this framework has definite consequences for the orientation of S&T and other policies. During the Golden Age, the hypothesis of a catching up with respect to the technological frontier of American mass production was implying that policies should be nearly the same all over the world. Nowadays, the recognition of local idiosyncrasy, sectoral specificity and path dependency of industrial specialisation, calls for à more balanced approach. Given the diversity of local systems of innovation, the same policy may deliver opposite results. Conversely, to warrant an equal dynamism of innovation, different policy objectives and tools have to be developed for each configuration. Along this central message, this project aims to provide new guidelines for policy makers at the local, national or European level. It takes a full account the internationalisation, the constraints and opportunities brought by the new phase of European integration and the shift in production paradigm.

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OBSERVATOIRE DES SCIENCES ET DES TECHNIQUES
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