PERFORMANCE FOLLOW-UP AND USER INFORMATION SERVICE IN A LOW ENERGY VILLAGE

Ziel

Construction of 137 one family houses:
- integration of energy saving concepts in urbanisation;
- demonstration that it is as early as 1983 possible to do better than the future french regulations (those mean 25% of savings compared with the 1982 regulations and 50% of savings compared with the 1974 regulations);
- demonstration of the usefulness of informing users on their consumptions with a permanent feed back, in such a way that the users are able to evaluate the consequences of their behaviour. The average energy consumption is expected to be 10 000 Kwh/year/house. As compared with the same kind of houses built according to the 1982 regulations, houses efficiency is "***" (at least 35% better) for electric heating plants and "****" (at least 45% better) for gas heating plants. The extra-cost of thermal plants and super insulation should not exceed 17 000 FF/house (1983 prices) and the pay-back period should not exceed 8-9 years.
1. FINANCIAL ASPECTS :
As compared with 1982 insulation requirements and a IEH-simple flow heating plant and a DHW tank (devices a2 + b1), extra costs per house are as follows (1983 prices, all taxes included) :
additional insulation = 8,500 FF (average)
(a1) 4,000 FF
(a3) 5,000 FF
(b2) 8,000 FF
(c) 20,000 FF
gas (average) 16,500 FF
The average extra cost per house for super insulation and highly efficient thermal plants is 18,470 FF, i.e. about 9% more than initially expected.
2. TECHNICAL ASPECTS :
* All the monitoring and data transmission equipment is working as expected
* Experimental measurements of the "G" coefficient gave results systematically lower than theoretical values. This is probably due to extra insulation carried out by occupants and/or switching off periods of the mechanical ventilation
* The mean day temperature in living room is 16.5 deg.C for houses with electric heating and 18.5 deg.C for houses with gas heating. Despite these low values the houses seem to be comfortable for occupants.
* The average consumption for space heating and DHW is 36 KWh/m3 (electric heated houses) and 62 KWh/m3 (gas heated houses) i.e. 9000 and 15500 KWh/house/year respectively. These results are very close to predictions (39 KWh/m3 and 56 KWh/m3 respectively). Differences are probably due to different mean temperatures.
3. INFORMATION TO OCCUPANTS :
The occupants have been fully informed about the project (notice on the technical equipment of their house). They also get a monthly information about the mean temperature in their house, their consumption of gas, electricity and DHW compared to the mean values in the village. They can therefore modify their behaviour towards a better energy efficiency.
1. Abreviations:
DHW = domestic hot water
G = volumetric heat losses, in W/m3 deg. C.
IEH = integrated electric heating
CMV = controlled mechanical ventilation
IMC = integrated microconcentrator
2. The 1982 French regulations are as follows :
- insulation G = 0.90 or 0.80 (electric heating); G = 0.95 or 0.85 (gas heating)
(the first figures refer to detached houses, the second ones refer to semi-detached houses).
- heating, ventilation and DHW :
. electric heating = electric convectors (95% efficiency)
DHW tank (64% efficiency)
. gas heating = gas boiler including instantaneous DHW production.
Efficiency = 55% (heating) and 58% (DHW).
. in all cases, the simple flow CMV gives a 0.7 air change per hour.
3. The 137 houses of the project have the following common features :
- streets are orientated 45 deg. to 90 deg. with the direction of dominant winds
- pedestrian lanes are 20 cm lower than the natural ground and are equipped withpersistant-leaves trees and bushes acting as wind screens
- houses are divided between a "day zone" and a "night zone"
- heat losses are reduced thanks to buffer zones (North) and large windows (South). The roof overflowing prevents from excessive heat in summer season.
4. The thermal insulations are as follows:
G = 0.77 to 0.68 (electric heating); G = 0.77 to 0.70 (gas heating)
5. Eight different heating/ventilation/DHW plants are used. They are a combination of various techniques:
- IEH : double (a1) or simple flow CMV (simple flow CMV is either ordinary (a2) or with a humidity control (a3))
DHW tank (b1) or with an air/water heat pump (b2)
greenhouse for the pre-heating of fresh air (c),
including when necessary heat storage in "Heliobloc" (Trade Mark)
- gas heating : double (d1) or simple (d2) flow CMV
DHW : instantaneous (e1) or tank (e2)
heat recovery on exhaust air (f1) or on exhaust
gas from the boiler (f2).
6. The distribution of devices amongst the village is as follows: (a1) + (b1) 50 of which 10 with control (a3) + (b1) 20 (a2) + (b2) 10 (b1) + (c) 13 Total (IEH) 93 houses . (d1) + (e1) + (f1) 28 (d2) + (e1) + (f2) 8 (d2) + (e2) + (f2) 8 Total (gas heating) 44 houses 7. A considerable emphasis is put on the telemonitoring equipment which is composed with 3 different sub-systems : - in each house : gathering, pre-processing and temporary storage of data through the IMC devices - in a technical building on site : data transmission via telephonic lines - in the processing centre of Marcoussis : final data processing and aggregated outputs. The feedback of information to users is expected to allow an additional 10% to 15% savings. 8. Moreover a fully detailed monitoring on a significant sample of houses will allow an experimental assessment of coefficients G and B (heat demand).

Programm/Programme

ENG-ENALT 2C - Programme (EEC) of demonstration projects relating to the exploitation of alternative energy sources and to energy saving and the substitution of hydrocarbons, 1983-1985

Thema/Themen

3.1 - BUILDINGS

Aufforderung zur Vorschlagseinreichung

Data not available

Finanzierungsplan

DEM - Demonstration contracts

Koordinator

Novelerg

EU-Beitrag

Keine Daten

Adresse

12 rue de la Baume
75008 Paris
Frankreich

Gesamtkosten