Neuroscience tackles major brain disorders
Eight leading research institutions and five commercial partners have joined forces to investigate the complex interplay between multiple genetic factors and environment in disease development and progression. The 'BrainTrain: Integrative neuroscience school on brain function and disease' (BRAINTRAIN) project has researched the physiology and pathology of neuron activity, small networks, and the complete brain in humans and mice. Whole-brain post-mortem studies on mutation carriers revealed a large number of new genes and transcripts involved in frontotemporal dementia. Using specially selected mouse models of depression and cognitive dysfunction, newly developed behavioural and neurochemical tools characterised cognitive and emotional performance. The researchers have identified a serotonin receptor that can be used as a target for improved cognitive function and depressive behaviour. Research into synapses, the junctions between neurons, uncovered many new interactors involved in synaptic transmission. In particular, the researchers gained a greater understanding of the role of proteins associated with the glutamate receptor AMPA that is responsible for fast synaptic transmission. Altered synaptic properties are often responsible for behavioural malfunctions. Message transmission is key to shaping the network activity that underlies complex processes such as memory and learning. The team investigated impaired information processing models for Fragile X and Alzheimer's disease and have focused on potential new therapeutic targets for these diseases. BRAINTRAIN has enhanced understanding of biochemical mechanisms behind emotional and cognitive disorders. This has provided a substantial information base for research into effective treatments for these debilitating conditions.
Keywords
Neuroscience, brain disorders, dementia, Parkinson's, brain function
