Tracking invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea
Marine ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to biological invasions since invasive species can spread rapidly and are harder to detect than on land. Intensive development of the Suez Canal has facilitated the invasion of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean Sea, and they are expected to rapidly increase. This presents a significant threat to the region's marine biodiversity. The aim of the REDMEDINV (Red-Med marine bioinvasion) project was to develop a database and an early detection system for invasive species and to model their behaviour. Scientists investigated the distribution of non-indigenous sea squirts along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. They collected environmental data, identifying the factors that may contribute to the successful establishment of invasive species, and developed strategies for their early detection. Research focused on two sea squirt species in particular: Herdmania momus and Microcosmus exasperatus. REDMEDINV studied the reproduction and distribution patterns of these two species, as well as their reaction to different temperatures and salinity. Monitoring vessels revealed the important role they play in sea squirt dispersion across the Mediterranean and included the discovery of newly introduced species. The project also recruited recreational divers to assist in the rapid detection of invasive species, and collaborated with both commercial and military agencies to promote awareness of marine bioinvasion. REDMEDINV's unique results will provide essential information for the development of strategies for managing biological invasions in coastal marine environments. It has produced a solid base for future studies on marine bioinvasion in the region, and on sea squirt ecology and biology in particular.
Keywords
Invasive species, Mediterranean Sea, sea squirt, Red Sea, REDMEDINV
