Description du projet
Les atomes lourds: au cœur du problème de la chimie quantique
Les descriptions des structures, forces et comportements nucléaires et moléculaires reposent sur la chimie quantique. Pour les atomes légers, comportant moins d’électrons, ces descriptions sont très précises. Les atomes lourds possèdent de nombreux électrons, ce qui donne lieu à des structures électroniques plus grandes et plus compliquées et à des vitesses d’électrons relativement élevées, compliquant ainsi les descriptions. L’application de l’électrodynamique quantique (QED) en a légèrement amélioré la précision, mais jusqu’à présent, elle s’est limitée aux électrons de valence. Il n’existe actuellement aucun outil fiable pour étudier la région centrale où les effets QED sont générés. Le projet HAMP-vQED, financé par l’UE, développe un cadre informatique pour des calculs très précis afin de remédier à cette limitation, avec des implications pour le modèle standard et d’autres théories de champ quantique.
Objectif
Quantum chemical calculations are today in a position where they not only assist, but may also challenge experiment, at least for molecules containing light atoms only. When heavy atoms are present, achieving the same accuracy becomes more challenging, not only because of relativistic effects, but also because the larger number of electrons and the often complicated electronic structures make the electron correlation problem harder. When surveying the physics that has to be included in order to establish a reliable computational protocol for heavy-element chemistry, the role of quantum electrodynamics (QED) should at least be considered. Studies so far indicate that QED-effects reduce relativistic effects by about 1%. However, such investigations have been mostly limited to valence properties, since there are currently no reliable tools for general molecules to study the core region where the QED-effects are generated. The HAMP-vQED project aims to fill this gap by providing a computational machinery allowing highly accurate calculations of molecular properties, with particular focus on properties that probe electron density in the core region, such as NMR parameters. I insist on a variational approach to QED using the local, finite basis sets of quantum chemistry. In short, I want to do QED without diagrams. This allows me to verify the domain of validity of currently used effective QED-potentials and provide a more consistent formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics. QED has been called the last train from physics to chemistry. The HAMP-vQED project provides a train back to physics in the form of highly accurate calculations which, combined with experiment, will allow the exploration of nuclear structure, the standard model of the universe and beyond. An even more tantalizing perspective is that such a variational scheme to QED may inspire progress in other quantum field theories, such as quantum chromodynamics, where perturbation theory is more problematic.
Champ scientifique
- natural sciencesphysical sciencestheoretical physicsparticle physics
- natural scienceschemical sciencesphysical chemistryquantum chemistry
- natural sciencesphysical sciencesquantum physicsquantum field theory
- natural sciencescomputer and information sciencescomputational science
- natural sciencesmathematicsapplied mathematics
Programme(s)
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
ERC-ADG - Advanced GrantInstitution d’accueil
75794 Paris
France