Description du projet
Aperçu de l’interaction entre les génomes mitochondrial et nucléaire chez les bourdons
Les NUMT (Nuclear Mitochondrial DNA segments) sont des copies non fonctionnelles de gènes d’origine mitochondriale présentes dans le génome nucléaire, et l’hétéroplasmie correspond à la présence de différents génotypes mitochondriaux dans le même organisme. Bien qu’il s’agisse de phénomènes moléculaires complètement distincts, tous deux peuvent constituer des obstacles ainsi que de nouveaux outils pour les études sur l’évolution. EVOBOMICS est un projet financé par l’UE qui vise à étudier les NUMT, l’hétéroplasmie et les génomes nucléaires et mitochondriaux dans une perspective évolutive. Les chercheurs identifieront les NUMT et l’hétéroplasmie chez les bourdons. Les résultats du projet avec le séquençage combiné des génomes mitochondriaux et nucléaires aideront à comprendre leur évolution et leur interaction.
Objectif
Cutting edge sequencing technology enables, for the first time, the characterization of high quality numts (non-functional copies of genes of mitochondrial origin present in the nuclear genome) and heteroplasmy (the presence of different mitochondrial genotypes in the same organism). Although they are completely distinct molecular phenomena, both can be at the same time obstacles and new tools for evolutionary studies. EVOBOMICS is three projects in one, in which numts, heteroplasmy and genomes (nuclear and mitochondrial) will be studied at the same time and from an evolutionary perspective. The following hypotheses will be tested: i) Numts and heteroplasmy are common in a target model taxon (bumblebees); ii) The number of numts in any given species will increase/decrease proportionately with its nuclear genome size; iii) Ancestral numts are related to speciation events, and thus provide a novel tool for constructing and investigating phylogenies; iv) Numts can be used as molecular marker for phylogenomic reconstruction as truly RGCs (rare genomic changes); v) Heteroplasmy is not a temporary state and is shared among close related species; vi) Heteroplasmy can interfere in species delimitation and is related to speciation events.
My previous experience and preliminary results ensure the feasibility of EVOBOMICS. During my PhD in Brazil, I initiated an unprecedented and unique research programme into the evolution of mitochondrial genomes, with a focus on numts and heteroplasmy in bees. So far, five articles have been published. Together, these studies suggest that numts and heteroplasmy are common phenomena in bees, and this is likely to be representative of many other taxa. These studies had to be interrupted due to motherhood, but now, EVOBOMICS will give me the opportunity to develop this new research area using innovative methodological approaches, and to update and improve my skills, providing a key stepping stone for my career in Evolutionary Biology.
Champ scientifique
Programme(s)
Régime de financement
MSCA-IF - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (IF)Coordinateur
TW20 0EX Egham
Royaume-Uni