Periodic Reporting for period 1 - EU EB-PARENTING (Ethnicity-Based Parenting for Child’s Online Safety/Risks)
Période du rapport: 2021-09-27 au 2023-09-26
This Marie Skłodowska Curie Action – Individual Fellowship (MSCA-IF), “Ethnicity-Based Parenting for the Child’s Online Safety/Risks,” has focused on the issue of parenting for children’s Internet use among ethnic majorities and minority populations in Europe. The project aimed to develop a novel theoretical framework, conceptual model, and measurement scale of parenting for children’s Internet use. The results can inform European family policies and parenting support services. The project has achieved its essential objectives by proposing:
• a bi-factor conceptualization of parental mediation
• a transactional theoretical framework of parenting for children’s Internet use.
• content validation of parental mediation scales,
• reliability and construct validity estimation of parental mediation, parental awareness, and parental self-efficacy scales
Another notable achievement in collaboration with the Anti-Bullying Centre at Dublin City University (DCU) is the development of anti-bullying self-efficacy scales and models. These can be used for measuring the effectiveness of a school anti-bullying program in promoting five steps that victims and bystanders take against online and offline bullying behaviours. The results have been disseminated through presentations at workshops and conferences, and publications in peer-reviewed open access journals. The findings can be used by researchers, educators, and policymakers to understand transactional characteristics of parental awareness, mediation strategies, and self-efficacy in children’s Internet use. Transaction means the transformation of and being transformed by interactions between parent-child-Internet-risk characteristics. The measurement scales can be applied by researchers and practitioners in their work.
• a bi-factor conceptualization of parental mediation
• a transactional theoretical framework of parenting for children’s Internet use.
• content validation of parental mediation scales,
• reliability and construct validity estimation of parental mediation, parental awareness, and parental self-efficacy scales
Another notable achievement in collaboration with the Anti-Bullying Centre at Dublin City University (DCU) is the development of anti-bullying self-efficacy scales and models. These can be used for measuring the effectiveness of a school anti-bullying program in promoting five steps that victims and bystanders take against online and offline bullying behaviours. The results have been disseminated through presentations at workshops and conferences, and publications in peer-reviewed open access journals. The findings can be used by researchers, educators, and policymakers to understand transactional characteristics of parental awareness, mediation strategies, and self-efficacy in children’s Internet use. Transaction means the transformation of and being transformed by interactions between parent-child-Internet-risk characteristics. The measurement scales can be applied by researchers and practitioners in their work.
The project carried out the following six work packages (WP) and achieved most of the objectives with some deviations: (i) to systematically review theoretical literature on the parenting for children’s Internet use, (ii) parental awareness, mediation strategy, and self-efficacy scales, (iii) to invite a panel of experts for the content validation, (iv) to assess reliability and validity of the three scales, (v) to provide a best practice guideline, and (vi) a training module on parenting for children’s Internet use.
The WP1 achieved its objective through a critical review of literature on parental awareness, mediation strategies, and self-efficacy concerning children’s Internet use. The review was published in an open access journal as a bi-factor conceptualization of parental mediation and a transactional framework of parenting for children’s Internet use These can be used by researchers, educators, and policymakers to understand the transactional parent-child-Internet-risk characteristics.
The WP 2 and 3 complementarily achieved their objectives as a critical review and content validation of parental mediation scales. The review outlined the scale items measuring parental mediation of children's Internet use, including a description of each item, its rationale, and its scoring. An invited panel of eight experienced researchers in the field of children’s Internet Use assessed the content validity. Based on this assessment, the review has proposed a trichotomy of restrictive-enabling-observant parental mediation and their conceptual definitions for further research. The proposed scale items and model have been published in an open-access journal and used to evaluate the effectiveness of a parenting intervention program.
The WP 4 achieved its objective by testing the reliability and validity of the parental awareness, mediation strategy, and self-efficacy scales. First a common factor analysis of the EU Kids Online survey data was conducted. However, the objective was not fully met through this secondary data analysis. Therefore, the research fellow collaborated with colleagues in conducting additional studies. The exploitable results have been disseminated through six publications in peer-reviewed journals (open access) and two presentations at conferences. The publications are valuable resources for researchers and practitioners interested in using the scales to measure parental awareness, mediation strategy, and self-efficacy.
The objective the WP 5 was to provide a best practice guideline on parenting for children's Internet use, with a specific focus on addressing online risks among ethnic minorities in Europe. This objective has been partially achieved. The review of literature on ethnicity-based parenting for children’s Internet use found insufficient evidence, providing no evidence-based guideline. Instead, evidence from non-European countries (e.g. Israel, USA, and Australia) was reviewed and published in an open access journal and shared through online workshops. Four online workshops were conducted for non-governmental organizations (NGOs), such as the European Centre for Minority Issues (Flensburg, Germany) and Musicantia/National Roma Centre (Dublin, Ireland).
The WP 6 also partially achieved its objective. Due to the inadequacy of the available evidence, it was not possible to develop a training module on ethnicity-based parenting for children's Internet use. Consequently, instead of creating a new module based on insufficient evidence, the effectiveness of an ongoing parenting intervention program (i.e. FUSE) was tested through the collaboration with the DCU-Anti-Bullying Centre. This test resulted in proposing four anti-bullying self-efficacy scales and models for children. Three papers presenting the research findings have been published with the open-access option in a peer-reviewed journal.
The WP1 achieved its objective through a critical review of literature on parental awareness, mediation strategies, and self-efficacy concerning children’s Internet use. The review was published in an open access journal as a bi-factor conceptualization of parental mediation and a transactional framework of parenting for children’s Internet use These can be used by researchers, educators, and policymakers to understand the transactional parent-child-Internet-risk characteristics.
The WP 2 and 3 complementarily achieved their objectives as a critical review and content validation of parental mediation scales. The review outlined the scale items measuring parental mediation of children's Internet use, including a description of each item, its rationale, and its scoring. An invited panel of eight experienced researchers in the field of children’s Internet Use assessed the content validity. Based on this assessment, the review has proposed a trichotomy of restrictive-enabling-observant parental mediation and their conceptual definitions for further research. The proposed scale items and model have been published in an open-access journal and used to evaluate the effectiveness of a parenting intervention program.
The WP 4 achieved its objective by testing the reliability and validity of the parental awareness, mediation strategy, and self-efficacy scales. First a common factor analysis of the EU Kids Online survey data was conducted. However, the objective was not fully met through this secondary data analysis. Therefore, the research fellow collaborated with colleagues in conducting additional studies. The exploitable results have been disseminated through six publications in peer-reviewed journals (open access) and two presentations at conferences. The publications are valuable resources for researchers and practitioners interested in using the scales to measure parental awareness, mediation strategy, and self-efficacy.
The objective the WP 5 was to provide a best practice guideline on parenting for children's Internet use, with a specific focus on addressing online risks among ethnic minorities in Europe. This objective has been partially achieved. The review of literature on ethnicity-based parenting for children’s Internet use found insufficient evidence, providing no evidence-based guideline. Instead, evidence from non-European countries (e.g. Israel, USA, and Australia) was reviewed and published in an open access journal and shared through online workshops. Four online workshops were conducted for non-governmental organizations (NGOs), such as the European Centre for Minority Issues (Flensburg, Germany) and Musicantia/National Roma Centre (Dublin, Ireland).
The WP 6 also partially achieved its objective. Due to the inadequacy of the available evidence, it was not possible to develop a training module on ethnicity-based parenting for children's Internet use. Consequently, instead of creating a new module based on insufficient evidence, the effectiveness of an ongoing parenting intervention program (i.e. FUSE) was tested through the collaboration with the DCU-Anti-Bullying Centre. This test resulted in proposing four anti-bullying self-efficacy scales and models for children. Three papers presenting the research findings have been published with the open-access option in a peer-reviewed journal.
The MSCA-IF has had a significant impact on the research fellow's career development and has advanced the field of digital parenting with broader societal implications. Through the impactful contributions of Professor Elisabeth Staksrud as a mentor, the project has substantially enhanced the researcher's potential and future career prospects. This includes career development planning, interview preparation, curriculum vitae (CV) creation, and the acquisition of theoretical and conceptual insights.
The project results may serve European family policies, parenting support services for immigrant and ethnic minority parents by facilitating an implementation of digital parenting programmes, which can be tailored to ethnically vulnerable populations in Europe. The exploitable results have the potential to make a significant contribution to the field of parenting for children's Internet use. For example, policymakers might use the transactional theoretical framework understand the relationships between parental awareness, mediation strategies, and self-efficacy in children’s Internet use. They might also use the digital parenting scales to collect reliable data on parental practices and child online safety for the formulation of evidence-based policies.
The project results may serve European family policies, parenting support services for immigrant and ethnic minority parents by facilitating an implementation of digital parenting programmes, which can be tailored to ethnically vulnerable populations in Europe. The exploitable results have the potential to make a significant contribution to the field of parenting for children's Internet use. For example, policymakers might use the transactional theoretical framework understand the relationships between parental awareness, mediation strategies, and self-efficacy in children’s Internet use. They might also use the digital parenting scales to collect reliable data on parental practices and child online safety for the formulation of evidence-based policies.