Anthropogenic pollution, which is the introduction in natural environments of contaminants that can alter the health, reproduction and survival of free living organisms. Consequently, there is increasing concerns about the sources of exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and about their consequences on human health and on natural populations and ecosystems. POPs are known to persist in the environment and to bioaccumulate through the lifetime of organisms as well as to increase in concentration with each successive step in the food chain (biomagnification), therefore top predators as birds are used as bioindicators. Moreover, migratory animals as birds don’t have borders, and hence, one growing issue is that European breeding species may also become exposed to POPs when visiting non-European ecosystems, such as during migration to Africa where many POPs banned in the EU are still used there as pesticides. POPs can be measured in different tissues (e.g. feathers, preen oil, and blood), although it is less clear to which extent these measure. For instance, blood samples are expected to reflect rather recent exposure to POPs. Currently, no study has addressed how POPs accumulate in different tissues using repeated measures from the same individuals, and as such explore what types of samples are best describing POPs bioaccumulation. Therefore, by applying in a European migratory bird species (the Alpine swift, Tachymarptis melba) new tracking technologies and state-of-the-art physiological and biomolecular tools, the overarching aims of POPHEALTH are to improve our understanding of how wintering and breeding areas influence the exposure to POPs in the wild, to validate which tissue best describe exposure to POPs in birds, and to provide novel insights on the health and fitness consequences of exposure to POPs in a long-term perspective accounting for sex differences and senescence. POPHEALTH is likely to be of great interest for the general public, scientific community, policy-makers and NGOs. Results will improve sustainable development policies for nature conservation, novel bio-logger devices and harnesses designs for birds will lead to scientific and innovative European excellence, and the novel approach accounting for sex-specific and senescence status will reinterpret wildlife physiological ecotoxicology.
