Pilot Application in Urban Landscapes - Towards integrated city observatories for greenhouse gases

Project Information

PAUL

Grant agreement ID: 101037319

DOI

10.3030/101037319

EC signature date 28 September 2021

Start date 1 October 2021

End date 31 December 2025

Funded under

• EXCELLENT SCIENCE - Research Infrastructures

Total cost

€ 12 999 999,00

EU contribution

€ 12 999 999,00

Coordinated by

INTEGRATED CARBON OBSERVATION SYSTEM EUROPEAN RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURECONSORTIUM
Finland

CORDIS provides links to public deliverables and publications of HORIZON projects.

Links to deliverables and publications from FP7 projects, as well as links to some specific result types such as dataset and software, are dynamically retrieved from OpenAIRE .

Deliverables

Other (2)

Footprints for the flux towers in three pilot cities
API specification

Open Research Data Pilot (6)

First street-level data set for Zurich

12-month quality-controlled CO2 measurements from low-cost sensors at street-level for Zurich

First total column data set from Munich

12-month quality-controlled CO2 and CO total column observations for 5 stations in Munich (FEL, GRA, OSH, TAU, TUM)

First version of high-resolution city emission inventory for GHGs and co-emitted species for 2019 or 2020

First version of highresolution city emission inventory for GHGs and coemitted species for 2019 or 2020

Final version of high-resolution city emission inventory for GHGs and co-emitted species for 2019 or 2020
Temporally varying city emission inventory for GHGs and co-emitted species for 2021
First atmospheric data set from Paris region

Dataset containing 12-month quality-controlled CO2, and CO measurements from AND, CDS, COU, GNS, MEU, JUS, OAS, OVS, ROV, SAC, and CO2, CO, NOx, 222Rn, 14CO2 measurements from MEU and ROV submitted to the federated database and publicly available

Documents, reports (15)

Report on the data streams and data requirements
Risk management plan
First version of the communications and outreach strategy
Report on preliminary outcomes of co-design workshops
Report on evaluation and benchmarking of existing services for monitoring of CO2 emissions in cities
Report on education workshop concept, including description of experiment kit and materials for teachers.
Second version of Communications, outreach and engagement strategy

Second version of Communications outreach and engagement strategy

Report on optimal designs of urban atmospheric networks to monitor city emission reduction goals
An integrated tool capable of mapping future emissions based on city climate plans and urban development plans
Updated Data management plan
Report on methodology and findings. Preliminary report
Updated Risk management plan
Preliminary findings on climate governance and the use of emissions data in the pilot
Data management plan
Report on achievements of PCN and recommendations for future developments

Publications

Peer reviewed articles (25)

A pre-whitening with block-bootstrap cross-correlation procedure for temporal alignment of data sampled by eddy covariance systems

Author(s): Domenico Vitale, Gerardo Fratini, Carole Helfter, Lukas Hortnagl, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Ivan Mammarella, Eiko Nemitz, Giacomo Nicolini, Corinna Rebmann, Simone Sabbatini, Dario Papale
Published in: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, Issue 31, 2024, Page(s) 219-244, ISSN 1352-8505
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOI: 10.1007/s10651-024-00615-9

Mapping CO2 traffic emissions within local climate zones in Helsinki

Author(s): Omar Al-Jaghbeer, Pak Lun Fung, Ville-Veikko Paunu, Leena Järvi
Published in: Urban Climate, Issue 58, 2025, Page(s) 102171, ISSN 2212-0955
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102171

CO2 uptake of urban vegetation in a warming Nordic city

Author(s): Minttu Havu, Liisa Kulmala, Hei Shing Lee, Olli Saranko, Jesse Soininen, Joyson Ahongshangbam, Leena Järvi
Published in: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, Issue 94, 2024, Page(s) 128261, ISSN 1618-8667
Publisher: Urban & Fischer Verlag
DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128261

Linkage Between Vertical Coupling and Storage Flux: Insights from Urban Tall-Tower Eddy Covariance Measurement

Author(s): Changxing Lan, Christopher Claus Holst, Thomas Grünwald, Matthias Mauder
Published in: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Issue 191, 2025, ISSN 0006-8314
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOI: 10.1007/s10546-024-00894-6

Impact of changing urban typologies on residential vegetation and its climate-effects – A case study from Helsinki, Finland

Author(s): Paula-Kaisa Leppänen, Antti Kinnunen, Ranja Hautamäki, Leena Järvi, Minttu Havu, Seppo Junnila, Outi Tahvonen
Published in: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, Issue 96, 2024, Page(s) 128343, ISSN 1618-8667
Publisher: Urban & Fischer Verlag
DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128343

Carbon uptake of an urban green space inferred from carbonyl sulfide fluxes

Author(s): Jesse Soininen, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Pekka Rantala, Liisa Kulmala, Hermanni Aaltonen, Leena Järvi
Published in: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Issue 8, 2025, ISSN 2397-3722
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.1038/s41612-025-00958-5

Carbon dioxide and evapotranspiration fluxes in an urban area of <scp>Krakow, Poland</scp>

Author(s): Alina Jasek‐Kamińska, Radosław Szostak, Łukasz Chmura, Jakub Bartyzel, Mirosław Zimnoch
Published in: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Issue 150, 2025, Page(s) 5498-5517, ISSN 0035-9009
Publisher: Royal Meteorological Society
DOI: 10.1002/qj.4884

Understanding greenhouse gas (GHG) column concentrations in Munich using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model

Author(s): Xinxu Zhao, Jia Chen, Julia Marshall, Michal Gałkowski​​​​​​​, Stephan Hachinger, Florian Dietrich, Ankit Shekhar, Johannes Gensheimer, Adrian Wenzel, Christoph Gerbig
Published in: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Issue 23, 2025, Page(s) 14325-14347, ISSN 1680-7324
Publisher: Göttingen Copernicus Publ.
DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-14325-2023

Effect of radiation interaction and aerosol processes on ventilation and aerosol concentrations in a real urban neighbourhood in Helsinki

Author(s): Jani Strömberg, Xiaoyu Li, Mona Kurppa, Heino Kuuluvainen, Liisa Pirjola, Leena Järvi
Published in: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Issue 23, 2023, Page(s) 9347-9364, ISSN 1680-7316
Publisher: European Geophysical Society
DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-9347-2023

Soil respiration across a variety of tree-covered urban green spaces in Helsinki, Finland

Author(s): Esko Karvinen, Leif Backman, Leena Järvi, Liisa Kulmala
Published in: SOIL, Issue 10, 2024, Page(s) 381-406, ISSN 2199-398X
Publisher: Göttingen Copernicus Publ.
DOI: 10.5194/soil-10-381-2024

Unprivileged groups are less served by green cooling services in major European urban areas

Author(s): Alby Duarte Rocha, Stenka Vulova, Michael Förster, Beniamino Gioli, Bradley Matthews, Carole Helfter, Fred Meier, Gert-Jan Steeneveld, Janet F. Barlow, Leena Järvi, Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Giacomo Nicolini, Birgit Kleinschmit
Published in: Nature Cities, Issue 1, 2024, Page(s) 424-435, ISSN 2731-9997
Publisher: http://link.springer.com/journal/44284
DOI: 10.1038/s44284-024-00077-x

Can we use atmospheric CO2 measurements to verify emission trends reported by cities? Lessons from a 6-year atmospheric inversion over Paris

Author(s): Jinghui Lian, Thomas Lauvaux, Hervé Utard, François-Marie Bréon, Grégoire Broquet, Michel Ramonet, Olivier Laurent, Ivonne Albarus, Mali Chariot, Simone Kotthaus, Martial Haeffelin, Olivier Sanchez, Olivier Perrussel, Hugo Anne Denier van der Gon, Stijn Nicolaas Camiel Dellaert, Philippe Ciais
Published in: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2023, Page(s) 8823-8835, ISSN 1680-7316
Publisher: European Geophysical Society
DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-8823-2023

Intercomparison of eddy-covariance software for urban tall-tower sites

Author(s): Changxing Lan, Matthias Mauder, Stavros Stagakis, Benjamin Loubet, Claudio D'Onofrio, Stefan Metzger, David Durden, Pedro-Henrique Herig-Coimbra
Published in: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Issue 17, 2024, Page(s) 2649-2669, ISSN 1867-8548
Publisher: Göttingen Copernicus Publications
DOI: 10.5194/amt-17-2649-2024

Exploring the discrepancy between top-down and bottom-up approaches of fine spatio-temporal vehicular CO2 emission in an urban road network

Author(s): Pak Lun Fung, Omar Al-Jaghbeer, Liisa Pirjola, Hermanni Aaltonen, Leena Järvi
Published in: Science of The Total Environment, Issue 901, 2024, Page(s) 165827, ISSN 0048-9697
Publisher: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165827

Sap flow and leaf gas exchange response to a drought and heatwave in urban green spaces in a Nordic city

Author(s): Joyson Ahongshangbam, Liisa Kulmala, Jesse Soininen, Yasmin Frühauf, Esko Karvinen, Yann Salmon, Anna Lintunen, Anni Karvonen, Leena Järvi
Published in: Biogeosciences, Issue 20, 2025, Page(s) 4455-4475, ISSN 1726-4189
Publisher: Göttingen: Copernicus Publ.
DOI: 10.5194/bg-20-4455-2023

A geospatial approach for dynamic on-road emission through open-access floating car data

Author(s): Pak Lun Fung, Omar Al-Jaghbeer, Jia Chen, Ville-Veikko Paunu, Shaghayegh Vosough, Claudio Roncoli, Leena Järvi
Published in: Environmental Research Letters, Issue 20, 2024, Page(s) 014033, ISSN 1748-9326
Publisher: Institute of Physics Publishing
DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad984d

Intercomparison of biogenic CO₂ flux models in four urban parks in the city of Zurich

Author(s): Stavros Stagakis, Dominik Brunner, Junwei Li, Leif Backman, Anni Karvonen, Lionel Constantin, Leena Järvi, Minttu Havu, Jia Chen, Sophie Emberger, Liisa Kulmala
Published in: Biogeosciences, Issue 22, 2025, Page(s) 2133-2161, ISSN 1726-4189
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
DOI: 10.5194/bg-22-2133-2025

From political pledges to quantitative mapping of climate mitigation plans: Comparison of two European cities

Author(s): Ivonne Albarus, Giorgia Fleischmann, Patrick Aigner, Philippe Ciais, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Rianne Droge, Jinghui Lian, Miguel Andrey Narvaez Rincon, Hervé Utard, Thomas Lauvaux
Published in: Carbon Balance and Management, 2023, ISSN 1750-0680
Publisher: BioMed Central
DOI: 10.1186/s13021-023-00236-y

Tenta: Remote and Real-Time Sensor Network Management

Author(s): Felix Böhm, Moritz Makowski, Patrick Aigner, Jia Chen
Published in: Journal of Open Source Software, Issue 10, 2025, Page(s) 7311, ISSN 1942-3934
Publisher: Hershey, PA IGI Pub.
DOI: 10.21105/joss.07311

Eddy-covariance with slow-response greenhouse gas analyser on tall towers: bridging atmospheric and ecosystem greenhouse gases networks

Author(s): Pedro Henrique Herig Coimbra, Benjamin Loubet, Olivier Laurent, Laura Bignotti, Mathis Lozano, Michel Ramonet
Published in: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2025, Page(s) Volume 17, issue 22, ISSN 1867-8548
Publisher: Göttingen Copernicus Publications
DOI: 10.5194/amt-2024-71

A view of the European carbon flux landscape through the lens of the ICOS atmospheric observation network

Author(s): Ida Storm; Ute Karstens; Claudio D'Onofrio; Alex Vermeulen; Wouter Peters
Published in: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2023, Page(s) 4993-5008, ISSN 1680-7316
Publisher: European Geophysical Society
DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-4993-2023

Fiducial Reference Measurements for Greenhouse Gases (FRM4GHG): Validation of Satellite (Sentinel-5 Precursor, OCO-2, and GOSAT) Missions Using the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON)

Author(s): Mahesh Kumar Sha, Saswati Das, Matthias M. Frey, Darko Dubravica, Carlos Alberti, Bianca C. Baier, Dimitrios Balis, Alejandro Bezanilla, Thomas Blumenstock, Hartmut Boesch, Zhaonan Cai, Jia Chen, Alexandru Dandocsi, Martine De Mazière, Stefani Foka, Omaira García, Lawson David Gillespie, Konstantin Gribanov, Jochen Gross, Michel Grutter, Philip Handley, Frank Hase, Pauli Heikkinen, Neil Humpage,
Published in: Remote Sensing, Issue 17, 2025, Page(s) 734, ISSN 2072-4292
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOI: 10.3390/rs17050734

The ZiCOS-M CO₂ sensor network: measurement performance and CO₂ variability across Zurich

Author(s): Stuart K. Grange, Pascal Rubli, Andrea Fischer, Dominik Brunner, Christoph Hueglin, Lukas Emmenegger
Published in: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Issue 25, 2025, Page(s) 2781-2806, ISSN 1680-7324
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
DOI: 10.5194/acp-25-2781-2025

Development and deployment of a mid-cost CO₂ sensor monitoring network to support atmospheric inverse modeling for quantifying urban CO₂ emissions in Paris

Author(s): Jinghui Lian, Olivier Laurent, Mali Chariot, Luc Lienhardt, Michel Ramonet, Hervé Utard, Thomas Lauvaux, François-Marie Bréon, Grégoire Broquet, Karina Cucchi, Laurent Millair, Philippe Ciais
Published in: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Issue 17, 2024, Page(s) 5821-5839, ISSN 1867-8548
Publisher: Göttingen Copernicus Publications
DOI: 10.5194/amt-17-5821-2024

Unraveling climate targets across the Paris conurbation as a gauge of city ambitions

Author(s): Ivonne Albarus, Thomas Lauvaux, Hervé Utard, Philippe Ciais, Patricia Crifo, Valérie Gros
Published in: npj Urban Sustainability, Issue 5, 2025, ISSN 2661-8001
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.1038/s42949-025-00206-y

Thesis and dissertations (1)

Complex interactions on the path to net zero: Multi-level climate governance in Munich and Zurich.

Author(s): Dolan, Jessica
Published in: 2023
Publisher: School of Governance of the Bavarian School of Public Policy, Technical University of Munich