Descripción del proyecto
El conflicto sexual violento y, a menudo, mortal en insectos: causas y consecuencias
El canibalismo sexual —cuando una pareja de apareamiento (generalmente la hembra) se come a su pareja potencial o real antes, durante o después del apareamiento— es común entre los insectos. La mantis «Miomantis caffra» muestra este canibalismo antes del apareamiento. Los machos también son propensos a la «violencia» y luchan con las hembras para obligarlas a aparearse, a menudo perforando el abdomen de las hembras en el proceso. Las causas y consecuencias de tal conflicto sexual en esta especie no se conocen al detalle. Llevado a cabo con el respaldo de las Acciones Marie Skłodowska-Curie, en el proyecto SCISM se utilizarán métodos de campo, de laboratorio y de modelización para analizar el conflicto sexual en la evolución del comportamiento caníbal y no caníbal. El equipo de SCISM tendrá en cuenta importantes preguntas sin respuesta sobre taxones sexualmente caníbales, incluida la forma en que el conflicto sexual en las decisiones de apareamiento da forma al comportamiento en hembras y machos.
Objetivo
Sexual cannibalism, which occurs when a female eats her mate before, during or after mating, is a classic example of sexual conflict since females gain a meal but males lose their life. The risk of premature death is expected to select for cautious mating tactics that help males to secure matings and avoid being eaten. Although such tactics are common in cannibalistic species, males of the Springbok mantis, Miomantis caffra, take a far more aggressive approach, wrestling females to coerce them to mate. Males that win wrestling bouts are more likely to secure matings and avoid cannibalism, but wrestling severely wounds females whose abdomens are punctured by males' weaponised forelegs. While this harmful male behaviour appears to be a classic manifestation of sexual conflict, the exact causes and consequences of male coercion and female injury in this species are yet to be elucidated. My project aims to use field, laboratory, and modelling approaches to investigate the role of sexual conflict in the evolution of cannibalistic and anti-cannibalistic behaviour. First, to determine rates of female injury in the wild, I plan to use mark-recapture techniques to track sex-ratio and injury incidence through time in wild populations of M. caffra in Auckland, New Zealand, where the species is widespread. Second, I plan to run a series of laboratory experiments to explore whether males increase their fitness by injuring females, or whether injury is an incidental side-effect of males' drive to mate. Third, I plan to run a mesocosm experiment to examine whether an increase in the intensity of sexual conflict reduces female survival and population productivity--a key theoretical prediction that has rarely been tested. Finally, I intend to use modelling techniques to investigate, more generally, the role that sexual conflict over mating decisions plays in shaping male and female behaviour in sexually cannibalistic taxa--a relationship that is currently poorly understood.
Ámbito científico
Palabras clave
Programa(s)
- HORIZON.1.2 - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) Main Programme
Régimen de financiación
HORIZON-TMA-MSCA-PF-EF - HORIZON TMA MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowships - European FellowshipsCoordinador
20148 Hamburg
Alemania