During the RP2, the project has generally progressed as expected. Camelina and carinata were the subject of a total of 289 experimental trials, presented at 64 public events. This substantial experimental activity carried within the WP1, combined with, Living Lab meetings, field demo-days (lighthouses) etc, have considerably strengthened the technical knowledge on the two crops, thereby improving the protocols and agronomic solutions for the large-scale development of Camelina and Carinata. Camelina has benefited from more advanced knowledge in European growing areas and from a higher, although still limited, level of familiarity among farmers. Both crops have nevertheless demonstrated considerable potential, particularly as autumn–winter intercrops or as main crops on marginal lands, where conventional species often experience significant yield reductions. Considerable efforts were dedicated to the engagement of stakeholders in the lighthouses events, living labs and policy innovation labs. Significant progress has also been observed in the downstream processing activities. Although today the advanced biofuels remain the predominant and most relevant market for the two crops, almost 60 compounds were identified and several bioproducts (e.g. biostimulants, bioherbicides, food supplements, etc.) derived from the two crops were developed and tested, yielding generally very satisfactory results.In parallel, environmental, economic, and social assessments impacts have been initiated. The preliminary results highlight both positive and negative aspects of the new value chains that will however undergo further refinements and improvements over the last period of CARINA. The elaboration of policy recommendations to support sustainable and certified low-iLUC value chains for camelina and carinata progressed as planned, including updates to the policy landscape analysis and reviews of existing certification frameworks relevant to MRV approaches. Stakeholder engagement was strengthened through Policy Innovation Labs and workshops, which collected insights on challenges and opportunities for value chain development. These activities provide the basis for the foresight-based formulation of policy recommendations. To improve the understanding of co-benefits and potential risks, social innovation strategies were implemented involving stakeholders in the co-design of technical solutions. Finally, visibility, outreach, and exploitation capacity of the project was strenghtened through a coordinated set of dissemination, communication, networking, and valorisation activities.
