1. Pilot-Scale Infrastructure Development:
o A pilot-scale installation for biomass torrefaction using superheated steam was successfully optimized at the Lodz University of Technology. The system achieved a production capacity of 30 kg/h of torrefied biomass (carbonized solid fuel), using a rolling-bed dryer for biomass pretreatment. The rolling-bed dryer, developed through the collaboration of TUL and NIC, represents an innovative and efficient solution for biomass drying, a critical and energy-intensive first stage in torrefaction processes. This dryer was tested in a pilot-scale (50 kg/h) setup for drying pine wood chips intended for superheated steam torrefaction.
2. Laboratory Experiments and Analysis:
o In-depth kinetic studies were conducted for wet and dry torrefaction processes. Various biomass feedstocks such as pinewood, sorghum, oxytree, forest waste, and coffee grounds were characterized, showcasing their potential as bioenergy sources.
o Advanced research included TGA, DSC, and TG-FTIR analysis for understanding biomass drying and torrefaction kinetics, resulting in precise process parameters for different biomass types.
o Experiments demonstrated significant improvements in the hydrophobicity, calorific value, and bulk density of biochar products.
3. Innovative Fuel and Product Development:
o Five biomass feedstocks were used to produce innovative fuels, biocarbons, and activated carbons.
o Biocarbons were further tailored for use as agricultural additives, enhancing soil quality and supporting sustainable farming practices.
4. Cross-Institutional Research:
o Researchers conducted secondments at partner institutions, such as NIC, BEST, Aston University and TUL, to analyze lignocellulosic feedstocks, such as oxytree trimmings and forestry residues, focusing on their bioenergy potential.
5. Dissemination and Networking:
o The consortium organized the First International Conference of Thermochemical Conversion & Bioenergy in Łódź, which attracted a wide audience of scientists, policymakers, and industry stakeholders.
o The project resulted in 8 peer-reviewed publications and ongoing work on several manuscripts to disseminate findings widely.
