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The acquisition of new meanings through novel word learning

Project description

Understanding how we learn the meaning of unfamiliar words

As adults, we encounter new words nearly every day. These words introduce us to novel objects and ideas, conveying meanings we might not have previously been aware of. They expand our vocabulary with fresh concepts and understandings. However, how do we learn the meanings of unfamiliar words based solely on their sound or appearance? The EU-funded BraveNewWord project combines ideas from computational linguistics with techniques from experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience to investigate how humans acquire meaning from language. The project examines linguistic context, word structure and form-meaning mapping to offer a new perspective on how humans assimilate new ideas, enhancing our comprehension of the relationship between language and thought.

Objective

We learn new words almost on a daily basis: as adults, a new element is introduced in our vocabulary every other day. With new words, we also learn about new objects and ideas - in most cases new words are not simply additional labels to be applied to familiar objects: they connote meanings that are unknown to the speaker of a language. However, when we experience, as adults, an unfamiliar word, typically its referent is not immediately available in the same context. How then can language, by itself, constitute such a reliable instrument for the acquisition of novel meanings? What do we exploit to induce new meanings on the basis of an unfamiliar sequence of sounds or graphical elements? BraveNewWord addresses these questions in an innovative multidisciplinary perspective, combining cutting-edge proposals from computational linguistics and empirical investigation techniques from experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. BraveNewWord posits three main sources for lexically-driven meaning acquisition: linguistic context, word structure, form-meaning mapping. The project advances a computational framework that models these mechanisms through data-driven, psychologically plausible distributional systems trained on examples of natural language usage. The quantitative characterizations and algorithmic definitions offered by these models constitute, in turn, the basis for BraveNewWord large-scale empirical investigation, involving both behavioral (reaction times, mouse-tracking trajectories, diachronic language changes) and neuroscience data (event-related potentials, neuroimaging). With its innovative perspective and advanced computational and empirical approach, BraveNewWord will constitute a non-incremental contribution to understanding how human speakers use new lexical information as a mean for enriching their semantic system, and provide a ground-breaking perspective on the cognitive processes relating language and thought.

Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)

Keywords

Programme(s)

Topic(s)

Funding Scheme

HORIZON-ERC - HORIZON ERC Grants

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Call for proposal

(opens in new window) ERC-2022-COG

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Host institution

UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO-BICOCCA
Net EU contribution
€ 1 387 005,00
Address
PIAZZA DELL'ATENEO NUOVO 1
20126 Milano
Italy
Region
Nord-Ovest Lombardia Milano
Activity type
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Links
Total cost
€ 1 387 005,00

Beneficiaries (1)