Social media for democracy – understanding the causal mechanisms of digital citizenship

Información del proyecto

SoMe4Dem

Identificador del acuerdo de subvención: 101094752

DOI

10.3030/101094752

Proyecto cerrado

Fecha de la firma de la CE 12 Diciembre 2022

Fecha de inicio 1 Marzo 2023

Fecha de finalización 28 Febrero 2026

Financiado con arreglo a

• Culture, creativity and inclusive society

Coste total

€ 3 376 955,34

Aportación de la UE

€ 3 376 955,09

Coordinado por

MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTEN EV
Germany

CORDIS proporciona enlaces a los documentos públicos y las publicaciones de los proyectos de los programas marco HORIZONTE.

Los enlaces a los documentos y las publicaciones de los proyectos del Séptimo Programa Marco, así como los enlaces a algunos tipos de resultados específicos, como conjuntos de datos y «software», se obtienen dinámicamente de OpenAIRE .

Resultado final

Documents, reports (5)

Attitudinally-positioned European sample dataset

This deliverable will provide the first version of the data set together with the conceptual and methodological framework required to leverage attitudinal inference for large populations of users in Europe.

Survey on experiments about trust and collaborative vs conflictual language

The survey will focus on different experimental paradigms and the implications of previous experimental work for understanding the causal antecedents of trust and conflictual language in social media.

Platform affordances

This deliverable presents an empirically-informed taxonomy of platform affordances.

Democracy theory and social media

Research paper on Democracy theory and social media: Challenges to liberal democracy and democracy theory

Dissemination and Exploitation Plan

Plan for dissemination and exploitation including communication activities. Itwill be periodically updated.

Data Management Plan (1)

Data Management Plan

This deliverable will establish the management of the data with in the project, establishing the protocols for anonymization, pseudonymization, collection, treatment, transfer, storage, encryption, and publication (for reproducibility of results in articles).

Publicaciones

Peer reviewed articles (50)

Nature Communications

Autores: Maertens, R; Roozenbeek, J; Simons, JS; Lewandowsky, S; Maturo, V; Goldberg, B; Xu, R; van der Linden, S
Publicado en: Nature Communications, 2025, ISSN 2041-1723
Editor: Nature Publishing Group
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-025-57205-X

Knowledge refracted. A bibliometric analysis of conspiracy texts on Telegram

Autores: Willaert, Tom; Meyer, Trisha
Publicado en: Radices, 2024, ISSN 2736-7770
Editor: CUTA
DOI: 10.21825/RADICES.91992

Dodging the autocratic bullet: Enlisting behavioural science to arrest democratic backsliding

Autores: Abels, Christoph M.; Huttunen, Kiia Jasmin Alexandra; Hertwig, Ralph; Lewandowsky, Stephan
Publicado en: Behavioural Public Policy, 2024, ISSN 2398-0648
Editor: Cambridge University Press
DOI: 10.1017/BPP.2024.43

The continued influence of AI-generated deepfake videos despite transparency warnings

Autores: Simon Clark, Stephan Lewandowsky
Publicado en: Communications Psychology, Edición 4, 2026, ISSN 2731-9121
Editor: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.1038/S44271-025-00381-9

Computational analysis of US congressional speeches reveals a shift from evidence to intuition

Autores: Segun T. Aroyehun; Almog Simchon; Fabio Carrella; Jana Lasser; Stephan Lewandowsky; David Garcia
Publicado en: Nature Human Behaviour, Edición 9, pages 1122–1133, 2025, ISSN 2397-3374
Editor: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.48550/ARXIV.2405.07323

The role of epistemic drift in online civic discourse about science

Autores: Stephan Lewandowsky, David Garcia
Publicado en: Current Opinion in Psychology, Edición 68, 2026, ISSN 2352-250X
Editor: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.COPSYC.2026.102266

Toolbox of individual-level interventions against online misinformation

Autores: Anastasia Kozyreva; Philipp Lorenz-Spreen; Stefan M. Herzog; Ullrich K. H. Ecker; Stephan Lewandowsky; Ralph Hertwig; Ayesha Ali; Joe Bak-Coleman; Sarit Barzilai; Melisa Basol; Adam J. Berinsky; Cornelia Betsch; John Cook; Lisa K. Fazio; Michael Geers; Andrew M. Guess; Haifeng Huang; Horacio Larreguy; Rakoen Maertens; Folco Panizza; Gordon Pennycook; David G. Rand; Steve Rathje; Jason Reifler; Philipp Schmid; Mark Smith; Briony Swire-Thompson; Paula Szewach; Sander van der Linden; Sam Wineburg
Publicado en: Nature Human Behaviour, Edición 8, 1044-1052, 2024, ISSN 2397-3374
Editor: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.1038/S41562-024-01881-0

Challenges in Understanding Human-Algorithm Entanglement During Online Information Consumption

Autores: Lewandowsky, Stephan; Robertson, Ronald E.; DiResta, Renee
Publicado en: Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2023, ISSN 1745-6924
Editor: SAGE Publications
DOI: 10.1177/17456916231180809

‘Dark metrics’ and the mainstreaming of political extremism on Dutch-speaking Telegram: A comparative reading of platform affordances

Autores: Stijn Peeters, Tom Willaert
Publicado en: Platforms & Society, Edición 3, 2026, ISSN 2976-8624
Editor: SAGE Publications
DOI: 10.1177/29768624261421758

Polarization in Social Media: A Virtual Worlds-based Approach

Autores: Dennis Jacob and Sven Banisch
Publicado en: Journal of artificial societies and social simulation, Edición 26, 2023, ISSN 1460-7425
Editor: University of Surrey
DOI: 10.18564/jasss.5170

A Formal Model of Affiliative Interpersonality

Autores: Stefan Westermann; Sven Banisch
Publicado en: Clinical Psychological Science, 2024, ISSN 2167-7034
Editor: Sage
DOI: 10.1177/21677026241229663

The governance & behavioral challenges of generative artificial intelligence’s hypercustomization capabilities

Autores: Christoph M. Abels, Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez, Jason W. Burton, Dawn L. Holford, Levin Brinkmann, Stefan M. Herzog, Stephan Lewandowsky
Publicado en: Behavioral Science & Policy, Edición 11, 2026, ISSN 2379-4607
Editor: SAGE Publications
DOI: 10.1177/23794607251347020

How Science Gets Drawn Into Global Conspiracy Narratives

Autores: Marc Tuters, Tom Willaert, Trisha Meyer
Publicado en: Edicións in Science and Technology, Edición 29, 2023, ISSN 0748-5492
Editor: Arizona State University
DOI: 10.58875/POZR1536

PLoS ONE

Autores: Cassells, Duncan; Vendeville, Antoine; Tabourier, Lionel; Ramaciotti, Pedro
Publicado en: PLOS One, Edición 20(12): e0338486, 2025, ISSN 1932-6203
Editor: Public Library of Science
DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/783HB

Disentangling participation in online political discussions with a collective field experiment

Autores: Lisa Oswald, William Small Schulz, Philipp Lorenz-Spreen
Publicado en: Science Advances, Edición 11, 2025, ISSN 2375-2548
Editor: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
DOI: 10.1126/SCIADV.ADY8022

Liars know they are lying: differentiating disinformation from disagreement

Autores: Stephan Lewandowsky; Ullrich K. H. Ecker; John Cook; Sander van der Linden; Jon Roozenbeek; Naomi Oreskes; Lee McIntyre
Publicado en: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 2024, ISSN 2807-5390
Editor: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.31234/OSF.IO/Q7VBR

Co-evolution of groups and opinions in an agent-based model

Autores: Duncan Cassells, Antoine Vendeville, Lionel Tabourier, Pedro Ramaciotti
Publicado en: PLOS One, Edición 20, 2025, ISSN 1932-6203
Editor: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0338486

A bias towards neutrality? How LLM guardrail sensitivity affects classification

Autores: Rogers, R.; Zhang, X.
Publicado en: Communication and Change, Edición 1(13), 2025, ISSN 3059-2011
Editor: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.1007/S44382-025-00013-0

Seeing is Believing: The Continued Influence of Known AI-Generated ‘Deepfake’ Videos

Autores: Simon Clark; Stephan Lewandowsky
Publicado en: Communications psychology, 2024, ISSN 2731-9121
Editor: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.31234/OSF.IO/T7JFK

Revolution by other memes: on the playful subcultures of r/PoliticalCompassMemes

Autores: Tuters, M.; Mueller, G.
Publicado en: Information, Communication & Society, 2024, ISSN 1468-4462
Editor: Taylor & Francis
DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2024.2423340

Multidimensional political polarization in online social networks

Autores: Antonio F. Peralta, Pedro Ramaciotti, János Kertész, and Gerardo Iñiguez
Publicado en: Physical Review Research, Edición 6, 2024, ISSN 2643-1564
Editor: American Physical Society
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013170

Thinking clearly about misinformation

Autores: Li Qian Tay, Stephan Lewandowsky, Mark J. Hurlstone, Tim Kurz & Ullrich K. H. Ecker
Publicado en: communications psychology, Edición 2, 2024, ISSN 2731-9121
Editor: Nature Portfolio
DOI: 10.1038/s44271-023-00054-5

Mapping the e-petition ecosystem through Social Media: mobilization in the EU across issues and ideologies

Autores: Carlo Romano Marcello Alessandro Santagiustina, Pedro Ramaciotti
Publicado en: Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media, Edición 6, 2026, ISSN 2673-8813
Editor: Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media
DOI: 10.51685/JQD.2026.001

Boosting: Empowering Citizens with Behavioral Science

Autores: Stefan M. Herzog, Ralph Hertwig
Publicado en: Annual Review of Psychology, Edición 76, 2026, ISSN 0066-4308
Editor: Annual Reviews
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-PSYCH-020924-124753

Validating Argument-Based Opinion Dynamics with Survey Experiments

Autores: Sven Banisch and Hawal Shamon
Publicado en: Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 2024, ISSN 1460-7425
Editor: University of Surrey
DOI: 10.18564/jasss.5305

How Influencers and Multipliers Drive Polarization and Issue Alignment on Twitter/X

Autores: Armin Pournaki, Felix Gaisbauer, Eckehard Olbrich
Publicado en: Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Edición 19, 2025, ISSN 2334-0770
Editor: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)
DOI: 10.1609/ICWSM.V19I1.35890

Blinding to Circumvent Human Biases: Deliberate Ignorance in Humans, Institutions, and Machines

Autores: Ralph Hertwig, Stefan M. Herzog, Anastasia Kozyreva
Publicado en: Perspectives on Psychological Science, Edición 19, 2025, ISSN 1745-6916
Editor: SAGE Publications
DOI: 10.1177/17456916231188052

Mapping the political landscape from data traces: Multidimensional opinions of users, politicians and media outlets on X

Autores: Antoine Vendeville, Jimena Royo-Letelier, Duncan Cassells, Jean-Philippe Cointet, Maxime Crépel, Tim Faverjon, Théophile Lenoir, Béatrice Mazoyer, Benjamin Ooghe-Tabanou, Armin Pournaki, Hiroki Yamashita, Pedro Ramaciotti
Publicado en: Data in Brief, Edición 65, 2026, ISSN 2352-3409
Editor: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.DIB.2026.112615

Critical ignoring when information abundance is detrimental to democracy

Autores: Stephan Lewandowsky, Ralph Hertwig
Publicado en: Current Opinion in Psychology, Edición 66, 2026, ISSN 2352-250X
Editor: Elsevier BV
DOI: 10.1016/J.COPSYC.2025.102128

The social dilemma of online segregation: A dynamical model of platform choice

Autores: Sven Banisch, Dennis Jacob, Tom Willaert, Eckehard Olbrich
Publicado en: Rationality and Society, 2026, ISSN 1043-4631
Editor: SAGE Publications
DOI: 10.1177/10434631261428850

Different honesty conceptions align across US politicians' tweets and public replies

Autores: Fabio Carrella, Segun T. Aroyehun, Jana Lasser, Almog Simchon, David Garcia, Stephan Lewandowsky
Publicado en: Nature Communications, Edición 16, 2025, ISSN 2041-1723
Editor: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-025-56753-6

A computational analysis of Telegram’s narrative affordances

Autores: Tom Willaert
Publicado en: PLoS ONE, 2023, ISSN 1932-6203
Editor: Public Library of Science
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293508

Inoculation and accuracy prompting increase accuracy discernment in combination but not alone

Autores: Gordon Pennycook; Adam J. Berinsky; Puneet Bhargava; Hause Lin; Rocky Cole; Beth Goldberg; Stephan Lewandowsky; David G. Rand
Publicado en: Nature Human Behaviour, Edición 8, pages 2330–2341, 2024, ISSN 2397-3374
Editor: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.1038/S41562-024-02023-2

Why Misinformation Must Not Be Ignored

Autores: Ullrich K. H. Ecker; Li Qian Tay; Jon Roozenbeek; Sander van der Linden; John Cook; Naomi Oreskes; Stephan Lewandowsky
Publicado en: American Psychologist, 2024, ISSN 1935-990X
Editor: APA
DOI: 10.1037/AMP0001448

Artnodes

Autores: Marco Paladini,Carlo R. M. A. Santagiustina, Costanza Sartoris, Giulia Saya, Michele Schiavinato, Gabriella Traviglia
Publicado en: artnodes, Edición 33, 2024, ISSN 1695-5951
Editor: Barcelona: Fundació per la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
DOI: 10.7238/artnodes.v0i33.417840

A focus shift in the evaluation of misinformation interventions

Autores: L. Tay, S. Lewandowsky, M.J. Hurlstone, T. Kurz, U. K.H. Ecker
Publicado en: Harvard Misinformation Review, Edición 4, 2023, ISSN 2766-1652
Editor: Harvard Kennedy School
DOI: 10.37016/mr-2020-124

Coupled infectious disease and behavior dynamics. A review of model assumptions

Autores: Andreas Reitenbach; Fabio Sartori; Sven Banisch; Anastasia Golovin; André Calero Valdez; Mirjam Kretzschmar; Viola Priesemann; Michael Mäs
Publicado en: Reports on Progress in Physics, 2024, ISSN 1361-6633
Editor: IOP
DOI: 10.5445/IR/1000179516

Investigating the role of source and source trust in prebunks and debunks of misinformation in online experiments across four EU countries

Autores: Hendrik Bruns, François J. Dessart, Michał Krawczyk, Stephan Lewandowsky, Myrto Pantazi, Gordon Pennycook, Philipp Schmid, Laura Smillie
Publicado en: Scientific Reports, Edición 14, 2024, ISSN 2045-2322
Editor: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-024-71599-6

Extracting narrative signals from public discourse: a network-based approach

Autores: Pournaki, Armin; Willaert, Tom
Publicado en: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 2025, ISSN 2807-5390
Editor: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.48550/ARXIV.2411.00702

Generative artificial intelligence–mediated confirmation bias in health information seeking

Autores: Ezequiel Lopez‐Lopez, Christoph M. Abels, Dawn Holford, Stefan M. Herzog, Stephan Lewandowsky
Publicado en: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Edición 1550, 2025, ISSN 0077-8923
Editor: Wiley
DOI: 10.1111/NYAS.15413

Auditing the audits: evaluating methodologies for social media recommender system audits

Autores: Bouchaud, Paul; Ramaciotti Morales, Pedro
Publicado en: Applied Network Science, Edición 59(9), 2024, ISSN 2364-8228
Editor: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.1007/S41109-024-00668-6

Issues in Science and Technology

Autores: Tuters, Marc, Tom Willaert, and Trisha Meyer
Publicado en: Edicións in Science and Technology, Edición 39, ISSN 0748-5492
Editor: University of Texas at Dallas
DOI: 10.58875/POZR1536

How citizens’ experience of democracy can actually pave the way to democratic backsliding

Autores: Ralph Hertwig, Stephan Lewandowsky
Publicado en: Communications Psychology, Edición 3, 2025, ISSN 2731-9121
Editor: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
DOI: 10.1038/S44271-025-00327-1

Warning people that they are being microtargeted fails to eliminate persuasive advantage

Autores: Fabio Carrella; Almog Simchon; Matthew Edwards; Stephan Lewandowsky
Publicado en: Communications Psychology, 2025, ISSN 2731-9121
Editor: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.1038/S44271-025-00188-8

Effects of preemptive empathy interventions on reply toxicity among highly active social media users.

Autores: Lisa Oswald
Publicado en: Technology, Mind, and Behavior, Edición 6, 2025, ISSN 2689-0208
Editor: American Psychological Association (APA)
DOI: 10.1037/TMB0000178

The Misalignment of Incentives in Academic Publishing and Implications for Journal Reform

Autores: Trueblood, Jennifer S.; Allison, David B.; Field, Sarahanne M.; Fishbach, Ayelet; Gaillard, Stefan D. M.; Gigerenzer, Gerd; Holmes, William R.; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Matzke, Dora; Murphy, Mary C.; Musslick, Sebastian; Popov, Vencislav; Roskies, Adina L.; ter Schure, Judith; Teodorescu, Andrei R.
Publicado en: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2024, ISSN 1091-6490
Editor: PNAS
DOI: 10.1073/PNAS.2401231121

Inoculation reduces social media engagement with affectively polarized content in the UK and US

Autores: Fintan Smith; Almog Simchon; Dawn Holford; Stephan Lewandowsky
Publicado en: Communications Psychology, 2023, ISSN 2731-9121
Editor: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.1038/S44271-025-00189-7

From denazification to the Golden Billion: an inductive analysis of the Kremlin’s weaponisation of digital diplomacy on Telegram

Autores: Willaert, Tom; Tuters, Marc
Publicado en: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 2025, ISSN 2807-5390
Editor: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.1057/S41599-025-05382-X

Flooding the Feed: The Politics of Social Media Sharing Among Defensive Publics

Autores: Katharina Tittel, William Allen, Pedro Ramaciotti
Publicado en: Political Communication, 2025, ISSN 1058-4609
Editor: Informa UK Limited
DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2025.2588248

Scientific Reports

Autores: Hendrik Bruns; François J. Dessart; Michal Wiktor Krawczyk; Stephan Lewandowsky; Myrto Pantazi; Gordon Pennycook; Philipp Schmid; Laura Smillie
Publicado en: Scientific Reports, 2023, ISSN 2045-2322
Editor: Nature Publishing Group
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-024-71599-6

Conference proceedings (4)

Discovering ideological structures in representation learning spaces in recommender systems on social media data

Autores: Tim Faverjon, Pedro Ramaciotti
Publicado en: 2023 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, 2023
DOI: 10.1145/3625007.3627336

Modeling Both Pairwise Interactions and Group Effects in Polarization on Interaction Networks

Autores: Duncan Cassells; Lionel Tabourier; Pedro Ramaciotti
Publicado en: Springer Proceedings in Complexity, 2024, ISBN 978-3-031-57515-0
Editor: Springer Nature
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57515-0_4

The Candide model: How narratives emerge where observations meet beliefs

Autores: Paul Van Eecke, Lara Verheyen, Tom Willaert, Katrien Beuls
Publicado en: Proceedings of the 5th workshop on narrative understanding, 2023
Editor: Association for Computational Linguistics
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2023.wnu-1.7

Emoji, Language Games and Political Polarisation

Autores: Sara Luxmoore, Pedro Ramaciotti Morales, Jonathan Cardoso-Silva
Publicado en: Proceedings of the Computational Humanities Research Conference 2023, 2023, ISSN 1613-0073
Editor: ceur-ws.org

Monographic books (3)

The Anti-Autocracy Handbook: A Scholars' Guide to Navigating Democratic Backsliding

Autores: Lewandowsky, Stephan; Kempe, Vera; Armaos, Konstantinos; Hahn, Ulrike; Abels, Christoph M.; Wibisono, Susilo; Louis, Winnifred; Sah, Sunita; Pagel, Christina; Jankowicz, Nina; DiResta, Renee; Markolin, Philipp; Schönemann, Henrik; Hertwig, Ralph; Crull, Henry; Mauer, Barry; Holford, Dawn; Lopez-Lopez, Ezequiel; Cook, John
Publicado en: EU Open Research Repository, 2025
Editor: European Commission
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.15696097

Memory in the Digital Age: Bridge or Battlefield?

Autores: Marjan Horvat; Jan Babnik; Darko Darovec; Angelika Ergaver; Jure Koražija; Urška Lampe; Žiga Oman; Tadej Škvorc; Polona Tratnik
Publicado en: 2026
Editor: Institute IRRIS for Research, Development and Strategies of Society, Culture and Environment

Das Anti-Autokratie-Handbuch: Ein Leitfaden für Forschende zum Umgang mit erodierenden Demokratien

Autores: Lewandowsky, Stephan; Kempe, Vera; Armaos, Konstantinos; Hahn, Ulrike; Abels, Christoph M.; Wibisono, Susilo; Louis, Winnifred; Sah, Sunita; Pagel, Christina; Jankowicz, Nina; DiResta, Renee; Markolin, Philipp; Schönemann, Henrik; Hertwig, Ralph; Crull, Henry; Mauer, Barry; Holford, Dawn; Lopez-Lopez, Ezequiel; Cook, John
Publicado en: 2025
Editor: zenodo
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.17627568

Other (1)

Cultural Memory from Antagonism to Deliberation in (Social) Media: AI Approach

Autores: Horvat, Marjan; Koražija, Jure; Babnik, Jan; Skvorc, Tadej; Robnik-Šikonja, Marko
Publicado en: 2025
Editor: zenodo
DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.15669714