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Why two and not one? Evolutionary consequences of maintaining individual genome copies in two separate nuclei

Project description

Understanding rapid evolution through asexual reproduction

The stripe rust fungus (Puccinia striiformis) is a highly detrimental wheat disease that causes significant economic losses for farmers worldwide. Epidemics of this pathogen in wheat-growing regions, including Europe, exhibit a strong prevalence of lineages that have exclusively reproduced asexually for several decades. The R-evolution project, funded by Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, aims to identify genetic and epigenetic differences between nuclei within the stripe rust fungus. This research will shed light on the underlying mechanisms driving the rapid evolution of new genotypes in the absence of sexual recombination. By studying the presence of multiple nuclei in the same cytoplasm of rust fungi, the project will uncover how these organisms adapt quickly to variable and changing agricultural environments.

Objective

The effect of ploidy and genome organization on evolution and adaptation is a central question in biology. Most organisms contain a single nucleus per cell, irrespective of their genome size and ploidy level. The kingdom Fungi represents a notable, yet significantly understudied, exception. Most fungal species partition individual haplotype genome copies into discrete nuclei. What evolutionary advantages arise from partitioning different haplotypes into multiple nuclei is a fundamental and unsolved puzzle in eukaryote genomics. This project addresses several questions that will improve our fundamental understanding of multinuclear genome biology by identifying genetic and epigenetic inter-nuclear differences in the stripe rust fungus (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst). In contrast to diploids, it partitions its two haplotypes into two distinct nuclei (dikaryon). It is one of the most harmful wheat pathogens with significant impacts on global wheat production and food security. Pst epidemics in wheat growing regions including Europe and Australia have been dominated by lineages that reproduced exclusively asexually for decades. The haplotypes of the asexually evolving lineages diverge over time through independent accumulation of genetic variation. In this proposal I will dissect how the presence of multiple nuclei in the same cytoplasm in rust fungi contributes to rapid adaptation to variable and changing agricultural environments. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that drive rapid evolution of new genotypes in absence of sexual recombination is important to make predictions about durability of host resistance and management strategies.

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HORIZON-TMA-MSCA-PF-GF - HORIZON TMA MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowships - Global Fellowships

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Call for proposal

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(opens in new window) HORIZON-MSCA-2022-PF-01

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Coordinator

AARHUS UNIVERSITET
Net EU contribution

Net EU financial contribution. The sum of money that the participant receives, deducted by the EU contribution to its linked third party. It considers the distribution of the EU financial contribution between direct beneficiaries of the project and other types of participants, like third-party participants.

€ 284 484,48
Address
NORDRE RINGGADE 1
8000 Aarhus C
Denmark

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Region
Danmark Midtjylland Østjylland
Activity type
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
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Total cost

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