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Mechanisms of human co-translational quality control and it’s role in neural tissue.

Project description

Exploring ribosome-associated quality control mechanisms and their role in neurodegeneration

Ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) is a defence mechanism that degrades incomplete protein chains to prevent their release and cellular harm. This occurs through the CAT-tailing process, whereby carboxyl-terminal alanine and threonine (CAT) residues attach onto incomplete protein chains, tagging them for degradation. Mutations in RQC components are linked to neurodegenerative disorders, while inadequate RQC leads to progressive proteostasis dysfunction. To better understand this process in humans, the ERC-funded NeuroQuality project aims to investigate the mechanisms of RQC components and the role of their mutations in the human system using in vivo studies combined with cryogenic electron microscopy.

Objective

Ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) is crucial for degrading truncated nascent proteins produced on aberrant mRNAs. This is done by elongation of the nascent chain on the large ribosomal subunit in the absence of mRNA and the small ribosomal subunit (CAT tailing) and by marking the nascent chain for degradation. Mutations in RQC components cause neurodegeneration both in animal models and human patients. Moreover, RQC insufficiency and subsequent protein aggregation critically contribute to proteostasis impairment and systemic decline during ageing. Strikingly, we lack mechanistic understanding of this crucial process in humans.
This project stems from my post-doctoral research, in which I have solved the structure of the yeast RQC complex and discovered a novel RQC factor, the eIF5A. This conserved protein is critical in yeast RQC and was recently implicated in brain development and Huntington's disease. Moreover, I have developed a human cell-free translation extract, which enables structural studies of co-translational processes in the human system. In the proposed research, we will provide mechanistic understanding of CAT tailing and nascent chain degradation in human RQC using cryo-EM. We will define working principles of RQC components and the mechanisms by which their disease-causing mutations specifically affect neurons in vivo using the C. elegans as a model organism.
Our approach utilizes a multidisciplinary approach to provide detailed mechanistic understanding of the critical RQC system in combination with an in vivo study to reveal processes leading to RQC-driven pathological changes in neural tissue. Since the RQC pathway is conserved in all kingdoms of life and serves a pivotal role in protein homeostasis with critical implications for neurodegenerative disorders and ageing, our findings will have important implications for human health and the potential to reveal novel drug targets.

Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)

Keywords

Programme(s)

Topic(s)

Funding Scheme

HORIZON-ERC - HORIZON ERC Grants

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Call for proposal

(opens in new window) ERC-2023-STG

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Host institution

Masarykova univerzita
Net EU contribution
€ 1 400 000,00
Address
Zerotinovo namesti 9
601 77 Brno
Czechia
Region
Česko Jihovýchod Jihomoravský kraj
Activity type
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Links
Total cost
€ 1 400 000,00

Beneficiaries (2)