Federated cybeR-physical infrastructure for ODD cOntinuity

Project Information

FRODDO

Grant agreement ID: 101147819

DOI

10.3030/101147819

EC signature date 2 May 2024

Start date 1 June 2024

End date 31 May 2027

Funded under

• Climate, Energy and Mobility

Total cost

€ 7 683 937,50

EU contribution

€ 5 994 087,50

Coordinated by

EUROPEAN ROAD TRANSPORT TELEMATICS IMPLEMENTATION COORDINATION ORGANISATION - INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS & SERVICES EUROPE
Belgium

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - FRODDO (Federated cybeR-physical infrastructure for ODD cOntinuity)

Reporting period: 2024-06-01 to 2025-11-30

Summary of the context and overall objectives of the project

FRODDO (Federated cybeR-physical infrastructure for ODD cOntinuity) is a Horizon Europe project funded under HORIZON-CL5-2023-D6-01-03, addressing the critical challenge of ensuring Operational Design Domain (ODD) continuity for Connected, Cooperative and Automated Mobility (CCAM) systems. The project runs for 36 months (June 2024 - May 2027) with a consortium of 18 partners from 10 European countries and a total EU contribution of €5.99 million.
FRODDO aims to develop and demonstrate a federated cyber-physical infrastructure that enables safe and continuous automated vehicle operations across diverse road conditions. The project combines advanced positioning technologies (GNSS/5G), infrastructure-enabled perception, secure V2X communications, Digital Twin platform, and human-in-the-loop decision support systems to extend and sustain vehicle ODDs dynamically.
Four pilot sites demonstrate FRODDO solutions in complementary scenarios:
o Ljubljana, Slovenia: Multimodal user interfaces for L3-L5 automated vehicles
o Athens, Greece: Advanced PNT engines and traffic management in urban corridors
o Modena, Italy: Infrastructure-enabled perception at complex intersections (MASA testbed)
o Bursa, Turkey: Autonomous tow truck fleet management in industrial environments
The project directly contributes to EU road safety targets, CCAM deployment roadmaps, and the vision of safe, secure, and trustworthy automated mobility across Europe.

Work performed from the beginning of the project to the end of the period covered by the report and main results achieved so far

FRODDO has made substantial progress across all technical work packages:
• Developed comprehensive co-creation framework engaging 30+ CCAM experts and 20+ stakeholders per pilot site
• Established foundational infrastructure readiness assessment methodology (PIRI) and advanced PNT technologies combining GNSS/5G/INS
• Deployed decentralised, secure data backend handling 39 distinct datasets with FAIR compliance
• Created first version of federated Digital Twin platform with AI-assisted decision support
• Prepared four complementary pilot sites for demonstrations in diverse ODD scenarios
• Delivered 15 deliverables and three milestones on time with comprehensive documentation

Progress beyond the state of the art and expected potential impact (including the socio-economic impact and the wider societal implications of the project so far)

Main results and indicative impacts
- Dynamic ODD extension framework and Physical Infrastructure Readiness Index, helping authorities identify where infrastructure and PDI limit ODD continuity and how to upgrade them.
- Decentralised secure data backend (Data Fusion Bus) and a first federated Digital Twin‑as‑a‑Service with decision‑support dashboards, enabling authorities to monitor, predict and manage CCAM operations in complex scenarios.
- Advanced multi‑modal HMI for L3–L5 AVs, showing about 12% improvement in non‑driving task performance and higher trust when richer ODD‑related context is provided to users.
​- Resilient PNT concept (GNSS, Galileo HAS, IMU, 5G) and MARL‑based traffic management strategies validated in the Athens pilot simulation, targeting improvements in speed, emissions and resilience.
- 21 exploitable results and 8 Key Exploitable Results identified (e.g. secure data backend, DT‑as‑a‑Service, pedestrian‑inclusive traffic management, 5G positioning data, misbehaviour detection, MASA interface), with initial market analysis showing strong potential in connected vehicles, DTs, mobility data platforms and traffic management centres.

Key needs for further uptake and success
- Complete large‑scale pilot campaigns in all four sites to obtain robust quantified impacts on safety, efficiency, emissions and user acceptance.
- Advance KERs to higher TRLs and refine business models, go‑to‑market plans and revenue streams, supported by Horizon Results Booster and Innovation Board activities.
- Strengthen IPR management (copyrights, trade secrets, potential patents) and intra‑consortium licensing models to enable commercial and research re‑use of core assets.
- Deepen contributions to standardisation (ODD, DT interfaces, security, PNT) and ensure compliance with GDPR and the AI Act via the ethical and legal framework and data governance models.