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Greek in the West: language communities, migration and the transformation of society in western Europe, 300–700 CE

Project description

The use of Greek in the Late Antique West

During Late Antiquity (300-700 CE), key transformations shaped European history, including the rise of Christianity and the fragmentation of the Western Roman Empire. Greek, spoken by about half the population of the Roman Empire, was seen as a language of high culture, yet it was also associated with lower-status people such as slaves and merchants. The ERC-funded GREEKWEST project aims to reconstruct the role of the Greek language in the sociolinguistic landscape of western Europe during 300-700 CE. By integrating textual and epigraphic evidence, it will investigate how Greek was used in literary and political culture, in religion and in daily life. This groundbreaking study will identify who learned and used Greek, their social backgrounds, their motivations for engaging with the language, and how communities accessed Greek knowledge.

Objective

This project reconstructs the place of Greek in the sociolinguistic landscape of western Europe during Late Antiquity (300–700 CE). Integrating textual and epigraphic evidence, it will trace the evolving use and knowledge of Greek in literary and political culture, religion, and daily life. This period witnessed transformations that would change the shape of European history: the rise of Christianity, the fragmentation of the western Roman empire, the introduction of new political and economic institutions, and the resulting restructuring of civic society. Views on the place of Greek in the late antique West still centre around deterministic narratives of ‘decline and fall’, leading to instances of Greek knowledge being dismissed as outliers, thus missing opportunities to examine the period’s continuing cultural, political, and linguistic interactions between ‘East’ and ‘West’. Challenging this consensus, GREEKWEST is ground-breaking in that it is the first study to examine Greek’s changing role in the late antique West and to do so across multiple social contexts. Spoken by roughly half the empire’s inhabitants, Greek had long occupied a central role in Roman society. On the one hand, Greek was seen as a language of high culture and prestige, and educated elite Romans were expected to be bilingual in Latin and Greek. At the same time, Greek was often associated with people from less privileged parts of society: slaves, performers, and merchants. This project seeks a) to establish who knew and used Greek in the late antique West and what sectors of society they came from, b) to reconstruct the motivations for using and learning Greek, and c) to trace how individuals and communities in the West learned and accessed Greek knowledge. This research will fundamentally change our understanding of the social history of language and migration, late antique intellectual and political culture, and the paradigms by which we view the transformations of the Roman world.

Fields of science (EuroSciVoc)

Keywords

Programme(s)

Topic(s)

Funding Scheme

HORIZON-ERC - HORIZON ERC Grants

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Call for proposal

(opens in new window) ERC-2025-STG

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Host institution

THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL
Net EU contribution
€ 1 440 137,00
Address
BROWNLOW HILL 765 FOUNDATION BUILDING
L69 7ZX LIVERPOOL
United Kingdom
Region
North West (England) Merseyside Liverpool
Activity type
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
Links
Total cost
€ 1 440 137,00

Beneficiaries (1)