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Frozen in time – Unravelling Younger Dryas climate variability, environmental dynamics and their impact on human recolonization in Western Europe

Project description

How prehistoric humans adapted to environmental changes

The Late Glacial period was marked by dramatic climate shifts and the return of hunter-gatherer communities to western Europe. During the Younger Dryas (YD), a decline in archaeological sites raised questions about population decreases and adaptations to environmental stress. The ERC-funded FROST project aims to investigate climate fluctuations during the YD. Specifically, it will study how these fluctuations impacted human populations and ecosystems. Using data records from 30 key sites, including speleothems, pollen, sedaDNA, sediments and reindeer remains, in combination with high-resolution dating using methods like radiocarbon dating and tephrochronology, the research aims to reconstruct climate variability, assess ecosystem responses, track reindeer movements and clarify the timing of human occupation.

Objective

The Late Glacial period, at the end of the Pleistocene, is marked by dynamic climatic and environmental changes. During this time, hunter-gatherers gradually recolonized Western Europe after a retreat of several millennia, representing a pivotal phase in the region’s population history. However, during the final climatic cooling of the Late Glacial, known as the Younger Dryas (ca. 12,850 to 11,650 cal BP; YD), the number of archaeological sites drastically reduced, raising questions about population decline, migration, and adaptation to severe environmental stress. Despite its significance, the human responses to these climatic shifts remain poorly understood.

The FROST project aims to bridge this gap by investigating the impact of climate fluctuations within the YD on human populations, mobility, subsistence strategies, and the ecosystems they depended on. The project uses a multi-proxy approach, integrating palaeoclimate, palaeoecological, and archaeological data from 30 key sites across Western Europe. This includes high-resolution analysis of speleothems (isotopes, trace elements), pollen, sedaDNA, sediments (granulometry, MS, LOI, micromorphology), and reindeer remains (isotopes) from archaeological sites. These data will be anchored with high-resolution dating using 14C, OSL, U/Th and tephrochronology.

FROST tackles four core challenges: (1) reconstructing regional climate variability within the YD, (2) assessing ecosystem responses to these climate shifts, (3) tracking reindeer herd movements, and (4) refining the timing and spatial dynamics of human occupation patterns. By integrating these datasets into demographic and spatiotemporal models, FROST will explore how prehistoric populations adapted to environmental changes. This will not only significantly advance our understanding of human recolonization during a crucial phase in Western Europe, but also provide insights relevant to contemporary climate challenges.

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Host institution

UNIVERSITEIT GENT
Net EU contribution

Net EU financial contribution. The sum of money that the participant receives, deducted by the EU contribution to its linked third party. It considers the distribution of the EU financial contribution between direct beneficiaries of the project and other types of participants, like third-party participants.

€ 1 557 358,00
Address
SINT PIETERSNIEUWSTRAAT 25
9000 GENT
Belgium

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Region
Vlaams Gewest Prov. Oost-Vlaanderen Arr. Gent
Activity type
Higher or Secondary Education Establishments
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Total cost

The total costs incurred by this organisation to participate in the project, including direct and indirect costs. This amount is a subset of the overall project budget.

€ 1 557 358,00

Beneficiaries (1)

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