Periodic Report Summary 2 - STABALID (STAtionary BAtteries LI-ion safe Deployment)
Project Context and Objectives:
The last decade has largely pointed out the weaknesses of the world energy supply based on the prominent use of fossil fuels with the increasing issue of natural reserves and the large impact on the planet climate. National authorities through the Kyoto protocol have stressed the need to rely on a more diverse energy mix that would make a more important use of renewable energies sources (RES). EU has set a very ambitious objective to reach a 20 % penetration of these sources of energy in the future European energy mix by 2020.
Recent Tohoku earthquake, followed by a tsunami and the accident of Fukushima in Japan and the impact on the German behavior towards nuclear energy have also shown that the use of nuclear energy cannot be the sole alternative to the current lack of fuel resources further stressing the need to an increased diversity of the energy portfolio.
In this context, technical solutions have to be implemented that enable to cope with the main drawbacks of the massive use of RES characterized by an intermittency that could jeopardize the quality of energy supply on the European electricity grid. Among the possible solutions, large stationary batteries used as buffer at various points of the network are foreseen as a key enabler to reach a large penetration of alternative energy sources while keeping the level of power quality that is known today in Europe.
Among the various technologies of large stationary batteries, lithium-ion technology because of its versatility of design is seen as one of the best solution enabling to offer the right energy to power ratio in combination with the various types of renewable energy sources.
However, the penetration of large stationary batteries using lithium-ion technology is today limited by a number of questions arising from the little experience of the end-users or integrators at least at the scale considered today (MWh/MW). The main questions arising when considering this technology are mainly linked to the demonstration of safety of the technology at the scale considered.
The main objective of STABALID was to support the deployment of safe Li-ion stationary batteries with a cell size larger than 10 Ah and systems larger than 1 MWh. This was done by developing, testing, validating and disseminating a new international standard for stationary battery tests.
The STABALID project had the following specific S&T objectives:
• to apply a recognized risk assessment approach and identify the scenarios to define the safety features of the system;
• to determine the potential aggressions induced by the environment on the battery system and those from the battery system on the surrounding environment;
• to define the minimum safety functions that need to be implemented on the battery design both in terms of electronic control and in terms of mechanical design;
• to define the proper test methodology (test nature and test procedure) in order to verify that the safety functions implemented enable to cover the various safety issues identified;
• to validate the pertinence and robustness of the test methodology by performing the protocol in two recognized European safety testing and certification companies;
• to transfer the proposed methodology into a documentary standard and to harmonize the proposed standard at worldwide level;
• to assess the environmental regulatory frameworks existing in various countries and the corresponding barriers for the deployment of stationary batteries.
Project Results:
The first achievement reached by the consortium was the identification and the assessment of the risks associated with the production, storage, transportation, installation, operation, periodic inspections, maintenance, decommissioning and removal of stationary Li-ion batteries in distribution systems. Thanks to the risks assessment, the consortium has been able to define, in close collaboration with STALLION and the IABs from the two projects, the set of scenarios to be addressed by the testing procedures.
In parallel to this activity, a literature review has been performed. The existing safety tests and standards applying for large stationary battery systems or their sub-component have been analysed.
Based on the previous results, new or revised test protocols have been developed together with the STALLION project such as shock / drop of container during installation, immersion of modules to simulate flood, heat-up (cycle module without cooling until a failure occurs), propagation on module and battery level, external short-circuit, overcharge, falling weight on module, BMS test, polarity reversal, internal short circuit.
These test protocols have been validated by the two recognized certification bodies, INERIS and TUV SUD, by performing them with the 86 modules (24V, 80Ah) and 2 BMS (Battery Management System) manufactured by SAFT. The draft standard that will input the IEC SC21A WG5 working on new standards will be based on the results of the test validation as well as on the current detailed description of the protocols.
Indeed, during the project, the partners had deep interactions with the IEC Subcommittee SC21A – Working Group WG5 “Large capacity secondary lithium cells and batteries”. Thanks to these interactions, the relevant IEC standards to input have been identified.
Potential Impact:
The main expected outcome of STABALID project was a standard for Li-Ion stationary battery tests, ready to be implemented by the industry.
This new standard has been elaborated in connection with the existing standardization activities, such as the sub-committee SC21A and working group 5 drafting the IEC 62619 and IEC 62897 standards.
The paragraphs below present more specifically the impacts according to the expectations presented in the work programme and emphasize the exploitation of the scientific and technical results.
- Expected impact as listed in the workprogramme:
The results should contribute to safe deployment of Li ion batteries for grid applications. Proposals will have to include a clear plan for the exploitation of the scientific and technical results. This will be considered during the evaluation under the 'Impact' criterion.
- Need for safe large stationary batteries (rationale)
European energy picture is currently moving from a centralized generation and “linear” transmission/distribution network to a distributed or on-site generation mode with a complex interconnection. In this new picture, power quality devices and energy storage will become key contributors to the quality of current in the future.
The intrinsic safety of lithium-ion has always been a concern since the beginning of its commercialization. This problematic is even more important now with the need to put on the field battery size in the range from 1 MWh up to several MWhs. It is therefore mandatory to validate designs proposed by cell and batteries manufacturers and STABALID proposed a set of test protocols to address this need.
- Strategy to maximize the impact of the project: an international IEC standard for safe deployment
STABALID has interconnected the basic work of test procedure definition, tests realization and standard drafting. We also took here the advantage of the same willingness at worldwide level with existing work at IEC level (with the IEC SC21A WG5) in order to benefit from the recognized channel of dissemination, general acceptance and enforcement.
- Facilitate the implementation of the Energy 2020 Strategy (2011)
Large stationary batteries and especially their application to the field of energy management have been recognized as a key enabler for the management of new European network involving increased use of RES. It is one of the mandatory components that will enable to cope with the network perturbation induced by the use of large percentage of wind and solar energies as stated in the Europe goal for 2020.
The present program can be seen as a contribution to the general target of ensuring by 2020 20% of renewable energy sources in the EU energy mix. Indeed, with a foreseen capacity of 180 GW and 300 GW by 2020 and 2030 respectively, wind power is identified as a key contributor to the future energy mix for Europe. In order to reach this, safety of the electricity storage is a key priority and STABALID contributed to this.
- Benefits for Europe are of various natures
Other benefits for Europe have to be considered: Effective storage of energy to compensate the intermittence of RES, security of supply at European level, energy independence, improving power quality in areas poorly connected (inclusive energy supply), less energy transport, flexibility in energy supply and creation smart new green jobs are also benefits for Europe.
- Benefits for other industrial applications
High power UPS (Uninterruptible Power Sources) and naval electric shuttles will also benefit from the project results.
- Economical impact and European competitiveness
The high dissemination of large scale lithium-ion stationary batteries addresses the future markets of energy storage in the future decentralized electricity grids and will enable to enhance the flexibility of grid and its transportation capacity. Europe will see in the future an increased need of intermittent renewable energies. The increase of energy consumption and the need for a demand response capability (adjusting the load to supply) will create a market for this type of system. These systems could bring a potential benefit to:
• industries with a high short term power demand by guarantying the supply with adequate demand response
• electricity distribution grids by mitigating the short term load and supply variations in case of a high renewable energy sources penetration; by maximizing the network utilization in deferring the need for costly upgrades; by promoting frequency regulations and synchronized reserves instead of using fossil fuel based generation
Based on GTM Research 2009 report, worldwide market identified for energy storage in relation with electricity/power quality in 2015 is given at 2.5 billion USD with 500 millions USD for power applications and 2 billion USD for energy applications. This represents installed capacity of 480 MW/120 MWh for the power applications and 1300 MW/5200 MWh for the energy applications. This is of course related to all kinds of energy storages both for centralized and decentralized applications. However, only a few of them are clearly identified as potentially technically and economically competitive for these applications. This shows the tremendous potential of growth in this sector. By only assuming a few percent of this market per supplier, this will bring significant turnover to European companies in the field of components and systems supply and create skilled employment not only in the design and manufacturing process but will also create new job opportunities in the domain of operation and maintenance of these new systems. It must be also emphasized that the high added value in this field is really linked with the system design and operation. It is therefore critical to have this aspect mastered at the European level.
List of Websites:
www.stabalid.eu-vri.eu
The last decade has largely pointed out the weaknesses of the world energy supply based on the prominent use of fossil fuels with the increasing issue of natural reserves and the large impact on the planet climate. National authorities through the Kyoto protocol have stressed the need to rely on a more diverse energy mix that would make a more important use of renewable energies sources (RES). EU has set a very ambitious objective to reach a 20 % penetration of these sources of energy in the future European energy mix by 2020.
Recent Tohoku earthquake, followed by a tsunami and the accident of Fukushima in Japan and the impact on the German behavior towards nuclear energy have also shown that the use of nuclear energy cannot be the sole alternative to the current lack of fuel resources further stressing the need to an increased diversity of the energy portfolio.
In this context, technical solutions have to be implemented that enable to cope with the main drawbacks of the massive use of RES characterized by an intermittency that could jeopardize the quality of energy supply on the European electricity grid. Among the possible solutions, large stationary batteries used as buffer at various points of the network are foreseen as a key enabler to reach a large penetration of alternative energy sources while keeping the level of power quality that is known today in Europe.
Among the various technologies of large stationary batteries, lithium-ion technology because of its versatility of design is seen as one of the best solution enabling to offer the right energy to power ratio in combination with the various types of renewable energy sources.
However, the penetration of large stationary batteries using lithium-ion technology is today limited by a number of questions arising from the little experience of the end-users or integrators at least at the scale considered today (MWh/MW). The main questions arising when considering this technology are mainly linked to the demonstration of safety of the technology at the scale considered.
The main objective of STABALID was to support the deployment of safe Li-ion stationary batteries with a cell size larger than 10 Ah and systems larger than 1 MWh. This was done by developing, testing, validating and disseminating a new international standard for stationary battery tests.
The STABALID project had the following specific S&T objectives:
• to apply a recognized risk assessment approach and identify the scenarios to define the safety features of the system;
• to determine the potential aggressions induced by the environment on the battery system and those from the battery system on the surrounding environment;
• to define the minimum safety functions that need to be implemented on the battery design both in terms of electronic control and in terms of mechanical design;
• to define the proper test methodology (test nature and test procedure) in order to verify that the safety functions implemented enable to cover the various safety issues identified;
• to validate the pertinence and robustness of the test methodology by performing the protocol in two recognized European safety testing and certification companies;
• to transfer the proposed methodology into a documentary standard and to harmonize the proposed standard at worldwide level;
• to assess the environmental regulatory frameworks existing in various countries and the corresponding barriers for the deployment of stationary batteries.
Project Results:
The first achievement reached by the consortium was the identification and the assessment of the risks associated with the production, storage, transportation, installation, operation, periodic inspections, maintenance, decommissioning and removal of stationary Li-ion batteries in distribution systems. Thanks to the risks assessment, the consortium has been able to define, in close collaboration with STALLION and the IABs from the two projects, the set of scenarios to be addressed by the testing procedures.
In parallel to this activity, a literature review has been performed. The existing safety tests and standards applying for large stationary battery systems or their sub-component have been analysed.
Based on the previous results, new or revised test protocols have been developed together with the STALLION project such as shock / drop of container during installation, immersion of modules to simulate flood, heat-up (cycle module without cooling until a failure occurs), propagation on module and battery level, external short-circuit, overcharge, falling weight on module, BMS test, polarity reversal, internal short circuit.
These test protocols have been validated by the two recognized certification bodies, INERIS and TUV SUD, by performing them with the 86 modules (24V, 80Ah) and 2 BMS (Battery Management System) manufactured by SAFT. The draft standard that will input the IEC SC21A WG5 working on new standards will be based on the results of the test validation as well as on the current detailed description of the protocols.
Indeed, during the project, the partners had deep interactions with the IEC Subcommittee SC21A – Working Group WG5 “Large capacity secondary lithium cells and batteries”. Thanks to these interactions, the relevant IEC standards to input have been identified.
Potential Impact:
The main expected outcome of STABALID project was a standard for Li-Ion stationary battery tests, ready to be implemented by the industry.
This new standard has been elaborated in connection with the existing standardization activities, such as the sub-committee SC21A and working group 5 drafting the IEC 62619 and IEC 62897 standards.
The paragraphs below present more specifically the impacts according to the expectations presented in the work programme and emphasize the exploitation of the scientific and technical results.
- Expected impact as listed in the workprogramme:
The results should contribute to safe deployment of Li ion batteries for grid applications. Proposals will have to include a clear plan for the exploitation of the scientific and technical results. This will be considered during the evaluation under the 'Impact' criterion.
- Need for safe large stationary batteries (rationale)
European energy picture is currently moving from a centralized generation and “linear” transmission/distribution network to a distributed or on-site generation mode with a complex interconnection. In this new picture, power quality devices and energy storage will become key contributors to the quality of current in the future.
The intrinsic safety of lithium-ion has always been a concern since the beginning of its commercialization. This problematic is even more important now with the need to put on the field battery size in the range from 1 MWh up to several MWhs. It is therefore mandatory to validate designs proposed by cell and batteries manufacturers and STABALID proposed a set of test protocols to address this need.
- Strategy to maximize the impact of the project: an international IEC standard for safe deployment
STABALID has interconnected the basic work of test procedure definition, tests realization and standard drafting. We also took here the advantage of the same willingness at worldwide level with existing work at IEC level (with the IEC SC21A WG5) in order to benefit from the recognized channel of dissemination, general acceptance and enforcement.
- Facilitate the implementation of the Energy 2020 Strategy (2011)
Large stationary batteries and especially their application to the field of energy management have been recognized as a key enabler for the management of new European network involving increased use of RES. It is one of the mandatory components that will enable to cope with the network perturbation induced by the use of large percentage of wind and solar energies as stated in the Europe goal for 2020.
The present program can be seen as a contribution to the general target of ensuring by 2020 20% of renewable energy sources in the EU energy mix. Indeed, with a foreseen capacity of 180 GW and 300 GW by 2020 and 2030 respectively, wind power is identified as a key contributor to the future energy mix for Europe. In order to reach this, safety of the electricity storage is a key priority and STABALID contributed to this.
- Benefits for Europe are of various natures
Other benefits for Europe have to be considered: Effective storage of energy to compensate the intermittence of RES, security of supply at European level, energy independence, improving power quality in areas poorly connected (inclusive energy supply), less energy transport, flexibility in energy supply and creation smart new green jobs are also benefits for Europe.
- Benefits for other industrial applications
High power UPS (Uninterruptible Power Sources) and naval electric shuttles will also benefit from the project results.
- Economical impact and European competitiveness
The high dissemination of large scale lithium-ion stationary batteries addresses the future markets of energy storage in the future decentralized electricity grids and will enable to enhance the flexibility of grid and its transportation capacity. Europe will see in the future an increased need of intermittent renewable energies. The increase of energy consumption and the need for a demand response capability (adjusting the load to supply) will create a market for this type of system. These systems could bring a potential benefit to:
• industries with a high short term power demand by guarantying the supply with adequate demand response
• electricity distribution grids by mitigating the short term load and supply variations in case of a high renewable energy sources penetration; by maximizing the network utilization in deferring the need for costly upgrades; by promoting frequency regulations and synchronized reserves instead of using fossil fuel based generation
Based on GTM Research 2009 report, worldwide market identified for energy storage in relation with electricity/power quality in 2015 is given at 2.5 billion USD with 500 millions USD for power applications and 2 billion USD for energy applications. This represents installed capacity of 480 MW/120 MWh for the power applications and 1300 MW/5200 MWh for the energy applications. This is of course related to all kinds of energy storages both for centralized and decentralized applications. However, only a few of them are clearly identified as potentially technically and economically competitive for these applications. This shows the tremendous potential of growth in this sector. By only assuming a few percent of this market per supplier, this will bring significant turnover to European companies in the field of components and systems supply and create skilled employment not only in the design and manufacturing process but will also create new job opportunities in the domain of operation and maintenance of these new systems. It must be also emphasized that the high added value in this field is really linked with the system design and operation. It is therefore critical to have this aspect mastered at the European level.
List of Websites:
www.stabalid.eu-vri.eu