Description du projet
La variation naturelle des couleurs parmi les oiseaux sauvages
Les animaux sauvages présentent un éventail remarquable de motifs naturels, allant des couleurs vives aux structures segmentées répétées. Cependant, les mécanismes qui sous-tendent la formation de compartiments dans leur peau restent insaisissables, principalement en raison de l’absence de motifs de couleur écologiquement pertinents dans les modèles de laboratoire. Pour combler ce manque de connaissances, le projet COLOUR PATTERN, financé par l’UE, vise à élucider les événements biochimiques et les réarrangements tissulaires qui régissent la formation des couleurs au cours du développement. Le projet étudiera comment ces processus contribuent à la diversité des modèles naturels. Il utilisera une approche pluridisciplinaire combinant la génétique avancée, la biologie du développement, la modélisation et les techniques d’imagerie. Plus précisément, le projet étudiera les variations naturelles dans les grands domaines de couleurs des pinsons appartenant à la catégorie des estrildidés et les motifs de rayures qui se répètent des Galliformes.
Objectif
Animals display a tremendous diversity of patterns ‒from the colourful designs that adorn their body to repeated segmented appendages. Natural patterns result from the formation of discrete domains within developing tissues through the integration of positional cues by cells that consequently adopt specific fates and produce spatial heterogeneity. How can such developmental processes underlie the apparent complexity and diversity of natural patterns? We propose to address this long-standing question with an innovative experimental design: we will make use of natural variation as a powerful tool to facilitate the identification of patterning molecules and morphogenetic events. We will study colour pattern, a crucial adaptive trait that varies extensively in nature, from large colour domains to periodic designs. In amniotes, colour pattern is formed by spatial differences in the distribution of pigment cells and integumentary appendages. While the pigmentation system has been well characterized, the mechanisms governing the formation of compartments in the skin of wild animals have remained unclear, largely because laboratory models do not display ecologically-relevant colour patterns. We will use a combination of forward genetics, developmental biology, modelling, and imaging to study natural variation in the large colour domains of Estrildid finches and the periodic stripes of Galliform birds. For both phenotypes, we will characterize the organization of the embryonic skin and the mode of patterning (i.e. instructional patterning via external cues vs locally-occurring self-organization) underlying their formation, and identify the molecular factors and developmental processes contributing to their variation. Results from these studies will elucidate the biochemical events and tissue rearrangements orchestrating colour patterning in development and shed light on how these processes shape natural variation in this trait‒ and more generally, in natural patterns.
Champ scientifique
- engineering and technologymaterials engineeringcolors
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesdevelopmental biology
- natural sciencesbiological sciencesgeneticsRNA
- natural scienceschemical scienceselectrochemistrybioelectrochemistryelectroporation
- natural sciencesmathematicsapplied mathematicsmathematical model
Programme(s)
Thème(s)
Régime de financement
ERC-STG - Starting GrantInstitution d’accueil
75005 Paris
France